{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T05:02:20Z","timestamp":1779685340163,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the United States, most school\u2010aged children do not meet recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines that promote health. Prior to the COVID\u201019 pandemic, schools were well\u2010situated to provide children with structured PA opportunities through physical education, organized sports, recess and active transportation to school. However, the COVID\u201019 pandemic limited schools' abilities to provide these opportunities, likely due to the global adoption of recommended COVID\u201019 guidelines (e.g., social distancing guidelines, remote and hybrid learning, shared equipment limitations). Preliminary evidence suggests that children's PA levels decreased during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, but few studies have explored how schools responded to these challenges in real time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explored how schools provided students with PA opportunities amid COVID\u201019 pandemic restrictions during the 2020\u20132021 school year. We conducted a secondary data analysis using an interpretive qualitative approach through a partnership with a childhood obesity prevention initiative providing infrastructure to schools to promote healthy behaviours. Participants representing 247 schools in Maine and Carroll County, New Hampshire, USA responded to a 34\u2010question digital survey, including a subset of three open\u2010ended questions, which were analysed through inductive thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 247 participants were predominantly nurses and teachers. Most schools were public schools with fewer than 400 students enrolled, nearly half of the participants represented elementary schools and more than half of the student body was eligible for free\/reduced lunch in 35% of schools. Themes included: (1) PA strategies in disruptive learning environments; (2) barriers to PA participation; and (3) silver linings: physical activity and crisis resilience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide insight into how schools created PA opportunities for students amid COVID\u201019 pandemic restrictions. Emergency preparedness plans may incorporate flexible PA programming and further develop infrastructure that supports opportunities for PA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T02:11:45Z","timestamp":1760407905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insights Into School\u2010Based Physical Activity Implementation Strategies During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic: A Thematic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Peary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Maine School of Nursing  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Strout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Maine School of Nursing  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Maine Office of Research Development  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Maine School of Kinesiology, Physical Education and Athletic Training  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Maine School of Nursing  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.2022. \u201cNational Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report Executive Summary.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/research\/findings\/nhqrdr\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36348\/gajhss.2020.v02i03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010020\u201000254\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/JTPE.2020\u20100296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Factors Influencing Grant Writing: Perceptions of Tenured and Nontenured Faculty","volume":"29","author":"Boyer P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"SRA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15434300701776336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/JTPE.2020\u20100295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2013. \u201cComprehensive School Physical Activity Programs: A Guide for Schools.\u201d Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed January 8 2025.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/physical\u2010activity\u2010education\/media\/pdfs\/13_242620\u2010A_CSPAP_SchoolPhysActivityPrograms_Final_508_12192013.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2024. \u201cChildhood Obesity Facts.\u201d accessed July 30 2025.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/childhood\u2010obesity\u2010facts\/childhood\u2010obesity\u2010facts.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School","author":"Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.716566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2022.1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007651.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"Physical Activity Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: More Important Than Ever","author":"Elliott E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physical Activity Alliance"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7341a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"School Enrollment in the United States","author":"Fabina J.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyac036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Let's Go!2021. \u201cOur Impact 2021.\u201d MaineHealth. Accessed January 7 2025.https:\/\/www.mainehealth.org\/lets\u2010go\/our\u2010impact\/our\u2010impact\u20102021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Let's Go!2025a. \u201cAbout MaineHealth Let's Go!MaineHealth. Accessed January 7 2025.https:\/\/www.mainehealth.org\/lets\u2010go\/about\u2010mainehealth\u2010lets\u2010go."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Let's Go!2025b. \u201cCommunity Settings|MaineHealth Let's Go!MaineHealth. Accessed January 7 2025.https:\/\/www.mainehealth.org\/lets\u2010go\/community\u2010settings\u2010mainehealth\u2010lets\u2010go."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147\u20101767(85)90062\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"MaineHealth.2025. \u201cLet's Go! Schools.\u201d Accessed January 7 2025.https:\/\/www.mainehealth.org\/lets\u2010go\/community\u2010settings\u2010mainehealth\u2010lets\u2010go\/schools."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.2313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Physical Activity Alliance.2024. \u201cPhysical Activity for Children and Youth: The 2024 United States Report Card on Executive Summary.\u201dhttps:\/\/paamovewithus.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2024\u2010US\u2010Report\u2010Card\u2010Executive\u2010Summary_FINAL.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111440"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"SatcherD. D.Director H. J.Kolbe et\u00a0al.1997. \u201cGuidelines for School and Community Programs to Promote Lifelong Physical Activity.\u201d Accessed July 30 2025.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/Mmwr\/PDF\/rr\/rr4606.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"The Aspen Institute.2015. \u201cPhysical Literacy in the United States.\u201d Accessed August 1 2025.https:\/\/www.aspeninstitute.org\/publications\/physical\u2010literacy\u2010model\u2010strategic\u2010plan\u2010call\u2010action\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.2018. \u201cPhysical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2nd Edition.\u201d Accessed July 30 2025.https:\/\/odphp.health.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2019\u201009\/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Education.2021. \u201cED COVID\u201019 Handbook: Strategies for Safely Reopening Elementary and Secondary Schools.\u201d Accessed August 2 2024.https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/sites\/ed\/files\/documents\/coronavirus\/reopening.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39320.843947.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"Washington State Institute for Public Policy.2024. \u201cSchool\u2010Based Programs to Increase Physical Activity.\u201d Accessed January 7 2025.https:\/\/www.wsipp.wa.gov\/BenefitCost\/Program\/574."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","unstructured":"White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity.2010. \u201cSolving the Problem of Childhood Obesity Within a Generation.\u201d Accessed August 1 2025.https:\/\/letsmove.obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/sites\/letsmove.gov\/files\/TaskForce_on_Childhood_Obesity_May2010_FullReport.pdf."}],"container-title":["Child: Care, Health and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cch.70164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cch.70164","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cch.70164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T04:03:56Z","timestamp":1779681836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cch.70164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cch.70164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cch.70164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1862","1365-2214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1862","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2214","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70164"}}