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Data from 935 preschool children who averaged 54.9 (SD = 3.0) months of age, from Trondheim, Norway were used to examine whether such negative effects, would emerge in Norway, a country with a different child-care system. The children's externalizing problems and social competence were unrelated to their child-care experience. More time spent in child care during the first 4.5 years of life and experiencing peer groups of &amp;lt; 16 or &amp;gt; 18 children predicted greater caregiver\u2013child conflict. The effect sizes were small. The results are discussed in terms of cross-national child-care differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T14:26:23Z","timestamp":1362493583000},"page":"1701-1715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Do Time in Child Care and Peer Group Exposure Predict Poor Socioemotional Adjustment in Norway?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Solheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology and NTNU Social Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Wichstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology and NTNU Social Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Belsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2014Davis King Abdulaziz University and Birkbeck University of London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turid Suzanne","family":"Berg-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology and NTNU Social Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.213","article-title":"Child\/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity","volume":"101","author":"Achenbach","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0002","volume-title":"Manual for ASEBA preschool forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2307\/1130898","article-title":"Effects of day-care on cognitive and socioemotional competence of 13-year-old Swedish children","volume":"63","author":"Andersson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2004.00429.x","article-title":"Implications for the development of children in over 11 hours of centre-based care","volume":"30","author":"Anme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Care Health and Development"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1086\/591908","article-title":"Universal child care, maternal labor supply, and family well-being","volume":"116","author":"Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infant day-care: A cause for concern?","volume":"6","author":"Belsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Zero to Three"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00782","article-title":"Emanuel Miller Lecture\u2014Developmental risks (still) associated with early child care","volume":"42","author":"Belsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01021.x","article-title":"Are there long-term effects of early child care?","volume":"78","author":"Belsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026010916072371700_cdev12071-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0271-0","article-title":"Preschoolers' psychosocial problems: In the eyes of the beholder? 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