{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:54:32Z","timestamp":1791942872169,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study examined how youth's neighborhood characteristics informed their expectations of racial discrimination concurrently and longitudinally. Secondary analyses were conducted on data from Waves 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study, which permitted the examination of neighborhood influences among a socioeconomically diverse sample of African American parents and adolescents (n = 863; Mage = 12.29). Youth exposed to more neighborhood disadvantage in seventh grade reported more negative concurrent neighborhood perceptions, which, in turn, predicted greater expectations of racial discrimination in eighth grade; youth's expectations remained stable into adulthood. Thus, support was found for the mediating role of youth's subjective neighborhood perceptions in the longitudinal relation between neighborhood structure and expectations of racial discrimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T13:15:12Z","timestamp":1475154912000},"page":"1367-1378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neighborhood Characteristics and Expectations of Racially Discriminatory Experiences Among African American Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Dawn P","family":"Witherspoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor K","family":"Seaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Rivas-Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0001","first-page":"185","volume-title":"The promotion of wellness in children and adolescents","author":"Aber","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2014.924355","article-title":"Residential mobility and the family context: A developmental approach","volume":"35","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.007","article-title":"Ethnic density and area deprivation: Neighbourhood effects on M\u0101ori health and racial discrimination in Aotearoa\/New Zealand","volume":"88","author":"B\u00e9cares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022110383424","article-title":"The relationship between Latino adolescents' perceptions of discrimination, neighborhood risk, and parenting on self-esteem and depressive symptoms","volume":"42","author":"Behnke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030557","article-title":"The antecedents and consequences of racial\/ethnic discrimination during adolescence: Does the source of discrimination matter?","volume":"49","author":"Benner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00927.x","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: A five-year longitudinal analysis with contextual moderation effects","volume":"77","author":"Brody","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12213","article-title":"Perceived discrimination among African American adolescents and allostatic load: A longitudinal analysis with buffering effects","volume":"85","author":"Brody","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0007","volume-title":"Keepin\u2019 it real: School success beyond Black and White","author":"Carter","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.3.637","article-title":"Gender matters, too: The influences of school racial discrimination and racial identity on academic engagement outcomes among African American adolescents","volume":"44","author":"Chavous","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.12.021","article-title":"The pathways from perceived discrimination to self-rated health: An investigation of the roles of distrust, social capital, and health behaviors","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-012-9608","article-title":"Racial discrimination and African American adolescents\u2019 adjustment: Gender variation in family and community social support, promotive and protective factors","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0011","volume-title":"MADICS study of adolescent development in multiple contexts, 1991\u20131998","author":"Eccles","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499746","volume-title":"Good kids from bad neighborhoods: Successful development in social context","author":"Elliott","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034703","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between experienced racial discrimination and depressive symptoms in African American adolescents","volume":"50","author":"English","year":"2014","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-011-9388-7","article-title":"Racial discrimination and substance use: Longitudinal associations and identity moderators","volume":"35","author":"Fuller-Rowell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.2307\/1131600","article-title":"An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children","volume":"67","author":"Garc\u00eda Coll","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.015","article-title":"Early experience with racial discrimination and conduct disorder as predictors of subsequent drug use: A critical period hypothesis","volume":"88","author":"Gibbons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.2.218","article-title":"Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino and Asian American adolescents: Patterns and psychological correlates","volume":"42","author":"Greene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085913481364","article-title":"Perceived gender and Racial\/Ethnic barriers to STEM success","volume":"49","author":"Grossman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urban Education"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.5.747","article-title":"Parents\u2019 ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study","volume":"42","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01718.x","article-title":"Ethnic diversity and perceptions of safety in urban middle schools","volume":"17","author":"Juvonen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X09338343","article-title":"A test of social disorganization theory in high-risk urban neighborhoods","volume":"41","author":"Kingston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Youth and Society"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0022","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2005","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427803256238","article-title":"New directions in social disorganization theory","volume":"40","author":"Kubrin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.2.309","article-title":"The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes","volume":"126","author":"Leventhal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0025","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Handbook of adolescent psychology, Vol 2: Contextual influences on adolescent development","author":"Leventhal","year":"2009","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798410381242","article-title":"Do human and social capital protect young African American mothers from depression associated with ethnic discrimination and violence exposure?","volume":"37","author":"Lewin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Black Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0027","volume-title":"Longitudinal structural equation modeling","author":"Little","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00699.x","article-title":"The enduring significance of racism: Discrimination and delinquency among Black American youth","volume":"21","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.606716","article-title":"Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model","volume":"46","author":"Maxwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2307\/2112896","article-title":"The attitude-achievement paradox among Black adolescents","volume":"63","author":"Mickelson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sociology of Education"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00718.x","article-title":"Neighborhood poverty and adolescent development","volume":"21","author":"Murry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0502","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9834-z","article-title":"Cultural stressors and mental health symptoms among Mexican Americans: A prospective study examining the impact of the family and neighborhood context","volume":"42","author":"Nair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12310","article-title":"Trajectories of ethnic-racial discrimination among ethnically diverse early adolescents: Associations with psychological and social adjustment","volume":"85","author":"Niwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20007","article-title":"The impact of ecological risk and perceived discrimination on the psychological adjustment of African American and European American Youth","volume":"32","author":"Prelow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.11.031","article-title":"A systematic review of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and wellbeing for children and young people","volume":"95","author":"Priest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9804-5","article-title":"Context matters: Links between neighborhood discrimination, neighborhood cohesion and African American adolescents\u2019 adjustment","volume":"42","author":"Riina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X11423897","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 experiences of discrimination and parent-adolescent relationship quality: The moderating roles of sociocultural processes","volume":"33","author":"Riina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Family Issues"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X03261479","article-title":"Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American and Latino adolescents in an urban high school","volume":"35","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Youth and Society"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1086\/229068","article-title":"Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory","volume":"94","author":"Sampson","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012747","article-title":"The prevalence of perceived discrimination among African American and Caribbean Black youth","volume":"44","author":"Seaton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035322","article-title":"School diversity and racial discrimination among African American adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Seaton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-008-9356-x","article-title":"School and neighborhood contexts, perceptions of racial discrimination, and psychological well-being among African American adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Seaton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc071913-043350","article-title":"Where, when, why, and for whom do residential contexts matter? Moving away from the dichotomous understanding of neighborhood effects","volume":"40","author":"Sharkey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0043","volume-title":"Juvenile delinquency and urban areas","author":"Shaw","year":"1942"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0044","first-page":"233","volume-title":"The psychology of prejudice: The Ontario Symposium","author":"Taylor","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0503","volume-title":"1990 census of population and housing","author":"U.S. Census","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0504","volume-title":"1990 census of the population and housing: Characteristics of the Black population","author":"U.S. Census","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.53.6.647","article-title":"Urban neighborhoods and mental health: Psychological contributions to understanding toxicity, resilience, and interventions","volume":"53","author":"Wandersman","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0098-7","article-title":"Mexican origin youths\u2019 trajectories of perceived peer discrimination from middle childhood to adolescence: Variation by neighborhood ethnic concentration","volume":"43","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764203261074","article-title":"Reparations: A viable strategy to address the enigma of African American Health","volume":"47","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.200","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies","volume":"93","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2026010915121246500_cdev12595-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431613510404","article-title":"Adolescent perceptions of neighborhood: Strengths, structural disadvantage, and relations to outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Witherspoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Early Adolescence"}],"container-title":["Child Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcdev.12595","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcdev.12595","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/article-pdf\/87\/5\/1367\/64466303\/cdev12595.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/article-pdf\/87\/5\/1367\/64466303\/cdev12595.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:25:32Z","timestamp":1767990332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/article\/87\/5\/1367\/8258367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12595","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-3920","1467-8624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-3920","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-8624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}