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Participants performed a peripheral shape-discrimination task, whereas uninformative central gaze cues validly or invalidly cued the location of the target. To assess the role of sign language experience and bilingualism in deaf participants, three groups of age-matched hearing children were recruited: bimodal bilinguals (vocal and sign-language, N = 19), unimodal bilinguals (two vocal languages, N = 17), and monolinguals (N = 14). Although all groups showed a gaze-cueing effect and were faster to respond to validly than invalidly cued targets, this effect was twice as large in deaf participants. This result shows that atypical sensory experience can tune the saliency of a fundamental social cue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T23:55:27Z","timestamp":1562975727000},"page":"1525-1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Environmental Learning of Social Cues: Evidence From Enhanced Gaze Cueing in Deaf Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0426-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pavani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trento"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience Lyon (CRNL)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trento"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Baruffaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ente Nazionale Sordi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Caselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTC-CNR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6760-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wieske","family":"van Zoest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trento"},{"name":"University of Birmingham"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010915060378800_cdev13284-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20031140","article-title":"Perceptually optimised sign language video coding based on eye tracking analysis","volume":"39","author":"Agrafiotis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Electronics Letters"},{"key":"2026010915060378800_cdev13284-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5884.2009.00408.x","article-title":"What is special about the index finger?: The index finger advantage in manipulating reflexive attentional shift","volume":"51","author":"Ariga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Japanese Psychological Research"},{"key":"2026010915060378800_cdev13284-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4635.001.0001","volume-title":"Learning, development, and conceptual change. 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