{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T04:12:45Z","timestamp":1774498365736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study tested whether associations between childhood maltreatment and adolescent sexual orientation were accounted for by childhood gender nonconforming behavior (GNCB) in a prospective birth cohort (N = 5,007). Childhood parental maltreatment (physical and emotional) and GNCB were assessed on multiple occasions up to age 6 years, and sexual orientation at 15.5 years. Boys with a history of maltreatment were significantly more likely to be nonheterosexual. Using propensity score weighting, maltreatment was associated with a 3.5% (p = .03) increase in the prevalence of nonheterosexuality accounting for confounders not including GNCB, and by 2.9% (p = .06) when also accounting for GNCB. These findings suggest that maltreatment is associated with an increased prevalence of nonheterosexuality in boys but may be explained by confounding factors including GNCB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T06:58:50Z","timestamp":1571381930000},"page":"e984-e994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Childhood Maltreatment, Gender Nonconformity, and Adolescent Sexual Orientation: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4214-5836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qazi","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010915102637700_cdev13317-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9457-3","article-title":"Common genetic effects of gender atypical behavior in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: A study of Finnish twins","volume":"39","author":"Alanko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"2026010915102637700_cdev13317-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0101-5","article-title":"Poor instruments lead to poor inferences: Comment on Roberts, Glymour, and Koenen (2013)","volume":"42","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual 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