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Participants included 561 children adopted at birth, and their adoptive parents and birth parents within a prospective longitudinal adoption study. Findings indicated child effects on parental negativity, such that toddlers\u2019 negative reactivity at 18 months was positively associated with adoptive parents\u2019 over-reactive and hostile parenting at 27 months. Furthermore, we found that child effects on parental negativity were partially due to heritable (e.g., birth mother [BM] internalizing problems and substance use) and prenatal factors (e.g., BM illicit drug use during pregnancy) that influence children\u2019s negative reactivity at 18 months. This study provides critical evidence for \u201cchild on parent\u201d effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T11:24:45Z","timestamp":1596281085000},"page":"e1064-e1081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Child Effects on Parental Negativity: The Role of Heritable and Prenatal Factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5040-3850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"},{"name":"The George Washington University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linying","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sy-Miin","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyoung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie D","family":"Leve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jody M","family":"Ganiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Washington 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