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Canonical Correlation Analysis was used to test whether 28 developmental outcomes (measured at 11\u201315 years) share the same early environmental risk factors (measured at 0\u20133 years), or whether specific outcomes are associated with specific risks. We used data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,376, 51% Female, 84% White) collected between 2001 and 2016. A single environment component was mostly sufficient for explaining cognition and parent-rated behavior outcomes. In contrast, adolescents\u2019 alcohol and tobacco use were specifically associated with their parents\u2019, and child-rated mental health was weakly associated with all risks. These findings suggest that with some exceptions, many different developmental outcomes share the same early environmental risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T13:39:10Z","timestamp":1640180350000},"page":"e282-e298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Testing the specificity of environmental risk factors for developmental outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Bignardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3241-0760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin 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