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In Study 1 (Fast Track [FT]), 463 age-5 children (45% girls; 43% Black) were first assessed in 1991 and followed through age 32 (83% retention). In Study 2 (Child Development Project [CDP]), 585 age-5 children (48% girls, 17% Black) were first assessed in 1987 and followed through age 34 (78% retention). In both studies, measures were collected of early adverse experiences, defensive mindset and SIP, and adult outcomes. Across both studies, a robust latent construct of school-age defensive mindset was validated empirically (comparative fit index = .99 in each study) and found to mediate the impact of early child abuse (38% in FT and 29% in CDP of total effect) and peer social rejection (14% in FT and 7% in CDP of total effect) on adult incarceration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T17:38:43Z","timestamp":1648143523000},"page":"e357-e378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A defensive mindset: A pattern of social information processing that develops early and predicts life course outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5932-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth A","family":"Dodge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University , Durham, North 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