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Participants were 289 Dutch children aged 3\u20139 years (75% European ancestry, 48% female) with above-average conduct problems. Saliva was collected 2.5 years after families were randomized to IY or care as usual (CAU). Using an intention-to-treat approach, confirmatory multiple-regression analyses revealed no significant differences between the IY and CAU groups in children's methylation levels at the NR3C1 and FKBP5 genes. However, exploratory epigenome-wide analyses revealed nine differentially methylated regions between groups, coinciding with SLAMF1, MITF, FAM200B, PSD3, SNX31, and CELSR1. The study provides preliminary evidence for associations of IY with children's salivary methylation levels and highlights the need for further research into biological outcomes of parenting programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.14090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T07:14:50Z","timestamp":1709536490000},"page":"1462-1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["DNA methylation variation after a parenting program for child conduct problems: Findings from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Creasey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patty","family":"Leijten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5060-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke S","family":"Tollenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University , Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco P","family":"Boks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology & Leiden Institute for Brain and 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