{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T20:09:57Z","timestamp":1784837397787,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":268,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016934","name":"Troms\u00f8 Forskningsstiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016934","name":"Troms\u00f8 Forskningsstiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study examines when the vocabulary knowledge of Japanese heritage speakers (HSs; N = 427, M \u00a0age = 9.96, female = 213) begins to diverge from monolingual counterparts (N = 136, M \u00a0age = 6.69, female = 65) and what factors explain individual differences in HS development. Vocabulary of HSs began to diverge from 5.61 years and this difference lasted until they were young adults. We also administered a fit-for-purpose questionnaire in 2021\u20132023 and identified six experiential latent factors: Holiday, School, Community, Proficiency, Literacy, and Home. Structural modeling indicates that Holiday predicted vocabulary scores, while Holiday and Literacy predicted Proficiency. Our findings highlight the importance of immersion experiences and literacy engagement for heritage language development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.14168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T13:49:54Z","timestamp":1727617794000},"page":"325-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modeling individual differences in vocabulary development: A large-scale study on Japanese heritage speakers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0580-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maki","family":"Kubota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bergen , Bergen ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University , Lancaster ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Tromso ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"University of Nebrija , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010915024970400_cdev14168-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0867-9","article-title":"The language and social background questionnaire: Assessing degree of bilingualism in a diverse population","volume":"50","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2026010915024970400_cdev14168-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723720929810","article-title":"The development of English as a heritage language: The role of chronological age and age of onset of bilingualism","volume":"41","author":"Armon-Lotem","year":"2021","journal-title":"First 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