{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:45:45Z","timestamp":1772783145936,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether mode of delivery is associated with mutans streptococci (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>) colonization and early childhood caries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content>) in preschool Thai children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and fifty mothers and their 3\u2010 to 5\u2010year\u2010old children (184 born vaginally and 166 born by Caesarean section) participated in the study. Data included a dental examination, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> colonization assessed by the Dentocult<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content> Strip Mutans method, and a questionnaire survey of family socio\u2010demographic information, as well as children's birth history, dietary habits, and oral health practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence was 56% in 3\u2010year\u2010old and 78% in 5\u2010year\u2010old Thai children. Compared to children delivered by C\u2010section, vaginally born children experienced increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence (73.8% versus 59.6%; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.009) and were more likely to have higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.8, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.1\u20132.9), adjusting for mother's gestational age, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> score, feeding practice habits; child's age and tooth brushing habits. Children's <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> scores were highly correlated with their mothers' <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> scores (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Additionally, children's age, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> colonization, and mothers' prechewing feeding habits were the most significant risk indicators for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content> in Thai children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that mode of delivery is significantly correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> colonization and caries outcomes in young Thai children. Future studies are needed to further understand the possible biological mechanisms linking mode of child delivery to the colonization of cariogenic microbiota and development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T20:45:18Z","timestamp":1351543518000},"page":"212-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Mode of delivery, mutans streptococci colonization, and early childhood caries in three\u2010 to five\u2010year\u2010old <scp>T<\/scp>hai children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Pattanaporn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC 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