{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:28:05Z","timestamp":1783074485623,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted to compare a visual dental examination method developed by the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry with assessment of intra\u2010oral photographs as means of detecting dental caries in 5\u2010year\u2010olds and 10\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010olds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>130 5\u2010year\u2010olds and 140 10\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010olds were visually examined by five trained and calibrated examiners. The children also had intra\u2010oral photographs of their teeth taken. The same five examiners assessed the photographs for caries. Both photographic and visual assessments were undertaken at \u2018caries into dentine\u2019 level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weighted kappas for the outcome DMFT\/dmft as a measure of intra\u2010examiner reliability for the visual examinations ranged from 0.94 to 0.98 (median\u00a0=\u00a00.98) in the 5\u2010year\u2010olds and 0.80 to 1.00 (median\u00a0=\u00a00.93) in the 10\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010olds. Weighted kappas as a measure of intra\u2010examiner reliability for the photographic assessments ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 (median\u00a0=\u00a00.93) in the 5\u2010year\u2010olds and 0.69 to 0.95 (median\u00a0=\u00a00.81) in the 10\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010olds. Sensitivity values for the photographic assessment method as compared to the gold standard of the visual examination scores of a benchmark examiner ranged from 87.8% to 95.8% in the 5\u2010year\u2010olds and 58.5% to 71.7% in the 10\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010olds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was good intra\u2010examiner reliability for both the visual and the photographic methods for all the examiners. There are no clinically significant differences between the photographic scores and the visual assessments using any of the metrics described. The photographic approach is therefore equivalent in diagnostic utility to the visual system and confers considerable advantages in terms of examiner bias reduction, remote scoring and archiving. These advantages must be weighed against the modest costs of the cameras and the increase time required to acquire the images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T06:39:34Z","timestamp":1365489574000},"page":"526-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Comparison of an intra\u2010oral photographic caries assessment with an established visual caries assessment method for use in dental epidemiological studies of children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Uriana","family":"Boye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oral Health Unit School of Dentistry University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Willasey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Services Warrington PCT Warrington UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cochrane Oral Health Group University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Tickle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oral Health Unit School of Dentistry University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain A.","family":"Pretty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dental Health Unit Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"644","article-title":"Oral health, general health and quality of life","volume":"83","author":"Sheiham A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242010000200014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) diagnostic criteria for caries prevalence surveys\u20101996\/97","volume":"14","author":"Pitts NB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"806","article-title":"Dental screenings using telehealth technology: a pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Patterson S","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-12-10"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) guidance on the statistical aspects of training and calibration of examiners for surveys of child dental health. 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