{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:32:22Z","timestamp":1783074742458,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]],"date-time":"2015-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The foundation of Emil Aaltonen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smoking and alcohol use in association with dental caries experience and signs of periodontal disease in a Finnish male group born in the early 1990s. The impacts of health behaviour and socioeconomic factors were included in the analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral health of 8539 conscripts was screened in a cross\u2010sectional study (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DT<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> DMFT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPI<\/jats:styled-content>). They also answered a questionnaire covering their habits of smoking and alcohol use as well as other behaviours and background factors. The bleeding on probing index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOP<\/jats:styled-content>) was available on 6529 conscripts. Cross\u2010tabulation together with a chi\u2010squared test and generalized linear mixed models were used in the analyses. A mosaic figure was used to illustrate associations of smoking frequency, use of dental services and toothache.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Majority (80.9%) in the study group consumed alcohol at least once a month, and 39.4% were daily smokers. Smoking was statistically significantly associated with high caries experience and high bleeding values of gums. Consumption of alcohol was not associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. The high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOP<\/jats:styled-content> value had the strongest association with infrequent tooth brushing and smoking. The participant's own education level was the main protective factor of oral health. The smokers used dental services more frequently compared to the non\u2010smokers mostly for acute care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young men's health behaviour, especially of those with low education, does not promote oral health, which may indicate need for extensive healthcare services in the future. Health promotion should not be neglected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]],"date-time":"2015-04-24T10:31:33Z","timestamp":1429871493000},"page":"406-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Smoking, alcohol use, socioeconomic background and oral health among young Finnish adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Tarja","family":"Tanner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry University of Oulu Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"P\u00e4kkil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisa","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Training Clinic City of Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"K\u00e4mppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry University of Oulu Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjo\u2010Riitta","family":"J\u00e4rvelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Children, Young People and Families National Institute for Health and Welfare Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Biocenter Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Unit of Primary Care Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pertti","family":"Patinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Military Medicine Finnish Defence Forces Riihim\u00e4ki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Tj\u00e4derhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry University of Oulu Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vuokko","family":"Anttonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry University of Oulu Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"KinnunenJM LindforsP PereL OllilaH SamposaloH Rimpel\u00e4A.The Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey 2013. 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