{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:43:19Z","timestamp":1785894199818,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,22]],"date-time":"2015-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010 DE09551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010 DE09551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30\u2010DE10126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30\u2010DE10126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DE12101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DE12101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M01\u2010 RR00059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01\u2010 RR00059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very few studies have examined the relationship between timing of fluoride intake and development of dental fluorosis on late\u2010erupting permanent teeth using period\u2010specific fluoride intake information. This study examined this relationship using longitudinal fluoride intake information from the Iowa Fluoride Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants\u2019 fluoride exposure and intake (birth to 10\u00a0years of age) from water, beverages, selected food products, dietary fluoride supplements, and fluoride toothpaste was collected using questionnaires sent to parents at 3\u2010 and 4\u2010 month intervals from birth to 48\u00a0months of age and every 6\u00a0months thereafter. Three trained and calibrated examiners used the Fluorosis Risk Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRI<\/jats:styled-content>) categories to assess 16 late\u2010erupting teeth among 465 study participants. A tooth was defined as having definitive fluorosis if any of the zones on that tooth had an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRI<\/jats:styled-content> score of 2 or 3. Participants with questionable fluorosis were excluded from analyses. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the importance of fluoride intake during different time periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most dental fluorosis in the study population was mild, with only four subjects (1%) having severe fluorosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRI<\/jats:styled-content> Score 3). The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis was 27.8%. Logistic regression analyses showed that fluoride intake from each of the individual years from age 2 to 8 plays an important role in determining the risk of dental fluorosis for most late\u2010erupting permanent teeth. The strongest association for fluorosis on the late\u2010erupting permanent teeth was with fluoride intake during the sixth year of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Late\u2010erupting teeth may be susceptible to fluorosis for an extended period from about age 2 to 8. Although not as visually prominent as the maxillary central incisors, some of the late\u2010erupting teeth are esthetically important and this should be taken into consideration when making recommendations about dosing of fluoride intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,22]],"date-time":"2015-07-22T07:59:37Z","timestamp":1437551977000},"page":"32-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Timing of fluoride intake and dental fluorosis on late\u2010erupting permanent teeth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Bhagavatula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Services Marquette University School of Dentistry Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry University of Iowa 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