{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T01:26:56Z","timestamp":1759541216138,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#910557","#960451","#207774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#910557","#960451","#207774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Root caries has increased as a clinical problem in recent decades. However, the use of multiple waves of longitudinal follow\u2010up data in estimating root caries increment has not been previously attempted. The aims of this study were to quantify root caries increment from a longitudinal study of older adults with 4 oral examinations over 11 years and to examine behavioural factors associated with root caries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A secondary analysis was undertaken using data collected in 4 waves (baseline, 2\u2010year, 5\u2010year and 11\u2010year) of the South Australian Dental Longitudinal Study which began in 1991\/92. The study group consisted of a stratified random sample of people aged 60+ years at baseline. A total of 358 participants with complete oral examinations in all 4 waves were included. The examinations were performed by trained and calibrated dentists. Baseline behavioural risk factors (toothbrushing frequency, flossing frequency, dental visiting pattern, reason for dental visiting and tobacco smoking status) and time in years across the 4 waves were the main exposures. Baseline clinical oral conditions (gingival condition and gingival recession), demographic and socio\u2010economic risk factors served as covariates. Root caries was measured as mean number of untreated root surfaces (root <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>) and decayed\/filled root surfaces (root <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFS<\/jats:styled-content>) at each wave of examinations. Multivariable multilevel growth model using linear regression analysis was used to get an estimate for root caries increment and associated oral health\u2010related behaviours adjusting for all the covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings from the multivariable models indicated that the annual increment of root <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and root <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFS<\/jats:styled-content> were 0.07 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.01) and 0.11 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.02) surfaces, respectively. Irregular brushing (E [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>] = 0.25 [0.12]), visiting the dentist only for problems (E [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>] = 0.30 [0.13]) and smoking (E [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>] = 0.33 [0.12]) were risk factors for the increase in root <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>. Irregular flossing and more frequent dental visit were associated with the increase in root <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Root caries increased slowly across time among relatively healthier Australian older adults. Irregular brushing, unfavourable dental visiting and tobacco smoking were risk factors for the increase in untreated root caries, while irregular flossing and more frequent dental visiting were associated with the increase in root <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T08:23:45Z","timestamp":1530692625000},"page":"535-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Root surface caries among older Australians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninuk","family":"Hariyani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. John","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loc Giang","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Aging and Dental Health","year":"1999","author":"Chalmers J","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000262408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.1984.tb00353.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"HorowitzHS International Dental Federation F.D.I. 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