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However, the experience of adversity in childhood may prevent children from getting adequate preventive care. This study seeks to explore how the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) and the role of a protective adult may be associated with dental care utilization in childhood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from the 2016 South Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC BRFSS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), which interviews adults eighteen year of age and older, were used in this study. Dental care utilization in childhood was measured as the adult retrospectively reported frequency of dental care in childhood: at least once every 2\u00a0years (adequate dental care) or less often than every 2\u00a0years (inadequate dental care).\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s were determined by asking about each of respondent's childhood exposure to eleven childhood experiences, including divorce, parental incarceration, domestic violence, drug and alcohol abuse, mental illness and emotional, physical or sexual abuse. The presence of a protective adult in childhood included respondents who had an adult who made them feel safe and protected during childhood. Descriptive and bivariate statistics explored differences in the adequacy of child dental care by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      exposure, the presence of a protective adult and selected demographic characteristics. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the impact of counts and types of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s and the presence of a protective adult with inadequate childhood dental care.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The unweighted study sample included 7079 respondents ageing from 18 to 79\u00a0years of age Sampling weights were used for all analyses. Among all respondents, 71.7% reported receiving adequate dental care during childhood; 28.3% responded that they received inadequate dental care. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, respondents who experienced four or more\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s had a higher likelihood of inadequate dental care than respondents who reported no\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.79; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      2.77\u20102.82). The odds of reporting inadequate dental care were lower among those grew up with an adult who made them feel safe and protected (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.38; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.37\u20100.39).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The presence of protective factors may mitigate the effects of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s on paediatric dental care. This research contributes to the literature through the further identification of the role of dentists in identifying signs of abuse and neglect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T05:33:12Z","timestamp":1528263192000},"page":"442-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The experience of adverse childhood experiences and dental care in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5380-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Crouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Policy and Management South Carolina Rural Health Research Center Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC 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