{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:16:49Z","timestamp":1789010209494,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Global sustainability is considered the number one health concern facing our planet. Dental care is currently not provided in a sustainable way. This study aims to quantify the potential environmental burden of an examination in a hypothetical dental practice and identify major contributors to environmental harm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A life cycle analysis was performed for the life cycle of an examination of one patient in a hypothetical dental practice. The equipment and products analysed were those available at the Faculty of Dentistry, Malm\u00f6 University. The <jats:italic>Ecoinvent version 3.5<\/jats:italic> database and the life cycle assessment software tool <jats:italic>OpenLCA version 1.10<\/jats:italic> were chosen for this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normalized results indicate that the impact categories to which the modelled examination most significantly contributes are water scarcity, freshwater eutrophication and human toxicity (cancer effects). The major contributors or hotspots relating to the environmental harm of an examination procedure are soaps and detergents, disposable bibs, surface disinfection, stainless\u2010steel instruments, clothing, water use and wastewater.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normalized results indicate that the potential environmental impact of an examination compared to one individual's impact per year is minimal. Considering the potential number of dental examinations and other dental procedures performed every year puts the findings in another perspective. This paper touches on some of the ways that the environmental burden of an examination could be reduced. Small changes to everyday practice, such as always making sure the dishwasher and washing machines are full when turned on, using less environmentally damaging soaps, more sustainable clothing alternatives and using necessary instruments could significantly reduce dentistry's environmental impact. Changes in materials and practice may result in potential trade\u2010offs. Research would need to be carried out comparing the environmental burden of any alternatives. We hope in the near future that there will be more evidence relating to products used within dental care settings, potential trade\u2010offs and dentistry's environmental burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T02:19:08Z","timestamp":1615256348000},"page":"581-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The life cycle analysis of a dental examination: Quantifying the environmental burden of an examination in a hypothetical dental practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7014-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnea","family":"Borglin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Odontology Malmo University Malmo Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Pekarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Odontology Malmo University Malmo Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6941-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Saget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9670-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett","family":"Duane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland"},{"name":"Dublin Dental University Hospital Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60935-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su2113436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10402659.2014.876326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0597-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"United Nations.About the sustainable development goals.2019;https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/sustainable\u2010development\u2010goals\/. 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