{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:52:33Z","timestamp":1792194753429,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/Aim(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Globally, studies have shown that the dental disease burden among persons with intellectual and\/or developmental disabilities (IDD) is high and can be attributed to lower utilization levels of dental services. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of income and financial subsidies on the utilization of dental care services among persons with IDD in Singapore.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between August 2020 and August 2021, a cross\u2010sectional study was conducted via centres offering Early Intervention Programme for Infants and Children, special education schools and adult associations in Singapore serving persons with IDD. A sample of 591 caregivers of children and adults with IDD completed the survey. Data on sociodemographic information, oral health behaviours and dental utilization were collected. Financial subsidy status was assessed by the uptake of a government\u2010funded, opt\u2010in Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS) for low\u2010income families that provided a fixed subsidy amount for dental services in the primary care setting. Statistical analysis was carried out using univariable, multiple logistic regression and modified Poisson regression. Propensity score matching was carried out in R version 4.0.2 to assess the impact of financial subsidies on oral health care utilization among persons with IDD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to those with lower gross monthly household incomes, the adjusted prevalence ratios of having at least one dental visit in the past year, having at least one preventive dental visit in the past year, and visiting the dentist at least once a year for persons with IDD with gross monthly household incomes of above SGD$4000 were 1.28 (95% CI 1.08\u20131.52), 1.48 (95% CI 1.14\u20131.92) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.09\u20131.70), respectively. Among those who were eligible for CHAS Blue subsidies (247 participants), 160 (62.0%) took up the CHAS Blue scheme and 96 (35.4%) visited the dentist at least yearly. There was no statistically significant difference in the utilization of dental services among individuals enrolled in the CHAS Blue subsidy scheme among those eligible for CHAS Blue subsidies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher household income was associated with a higher prevalence of dental visits in the past year, preventive dental visits in the past year, and at least yearly dental visits. CHAS Blue subsidies alone had limited impact on dental utilization among persons with IDD who were eligible for subsidies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T03:33:21Z","timestamp":1713756801000},"page":"336-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of income and financial subsidies on oral health care utilization among persons with disabilities in Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4226-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon Hui Xuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6579-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Keng Yan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene Enhui","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huei Jinn","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice Cheah Ping","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kok\u2010Yang","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Guang Xu","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tzu Chi Singapore Free Clinic Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"National Dental Centre Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services.Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs): Condition Information.https:\/\/www.nichd.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/idds\/conditioninfo\/default. Published 2021. Updated 24 June. Accessed 1 Aug 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1122009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Special Olympics.What is Intellectual Disability?https:\/\/www.specialolympics.org\/about\/intellectual\u2010disabilities\/what\u2010is\u2010intellectual\u2010disability. Published 2021. Updated 2021. Accessed 1 August 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Social and Family Development Singapore.3rd Enabling Masterplan 2017\u20132021. 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2012.0288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2017.1409596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S291255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Singapore.Community Health Assist Scheme.https:\/\/www.chas.sg\/. Accessed February 21 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Community Health Assist Scheme.CHAS Subsidies.https:\/\/www.chas.sg\/chas\u2010subsidies. 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