{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:53:15Z","timestamp":1791917595949,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Childhood primary dentition caries prevalence and experience is higher among Qatari than non\u2010Qatari nationality children in Qatar but only this bivariate association has been described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were two objectives. First, to understand the variation of primary dentition caries among 4\u2010 to 8\u2010year\u2010old children in Qatar across nationality classified into four groups, and second, to explore whether the association persisted in the presence of socio\u2010demographic and behavioural indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study used data from the Qatar Child Oral Health Survey 2017 (QCOHS 2017). Detailed information was collected through a parental dual\u2010language questionnaire and an oral epidemiological examination conducted by calibrated dentist examiners. Children in 20 kindergartens and 40 schools across Qatar were recruited. Data were weighted to represent the Qatar child population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 1154 children aged 4\u20138\u2009years old (48.9% female, 51.1% male) participated. Qatari children made up 26.3%, Non\u2010Qatari (N\u2010Q) Arabic children 44.2% N\u2010Q Indian sub\u2010continent 16.4% and N\u2010Q Other 13.1%. There were no significant differences by nationality for age or sex, but differences existed for kindergarten\/school type and parents' highest level of education. Among behavioural indicators, Qatari and N\u2010Q Arabic children began toothbrushing later, and more N\u2010Q Other children brushed 2+ times a day and had made a check\u2010up visit in the last 12\u2009months. More Qatari children were in the highest tertial for sugar intake and drank bottled water with no fluoride. All N\u2010Q children had a significantly lower prevalence and experience of caries. The means ratio (95% CI) for N\u2010Q Arabic (0.78; 0.65\u20130.94), Indian (0.58; 0.46\u20130.72) and other children (0.61; 0.42\u20130.88) were all significant against Qatari nationality children. Multivariable models showed an attenuation of the association with caries with the means ratio for N\u2010Q Arabic (0.92; 0.73\u20131.16), Indian (0.79; 0.57\u20131.11) and other children (0.94; 0.61\u20131.44) being non\u2010significant compared to Qatari nationality children. The variables which were significantly associated with caries were parental education, toothbrushing frequency, sugar intake and check\u2010up visiting in the last 12\u2009months in the multivariable models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary dentition caries in children resident in Qatar differed by nationality. The association of primary dentition caries with nationality was markedly attenuated and non\u2010significant in the presence of socio\u2010demographic and behavioural variables, pointing towards the importance of these variables as the pathways to improving primary dentition caries prevalence and experience of children in Qatar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.13010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T15:29:27Z","timestamp":1730302167000},"page":"106-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Nationality in Childhood Caries in Qatar"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Andrew John","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health The University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8407-6210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa Othman","family":"AlKhtib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"College of Dental Medicine Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Sultan","family":"Al Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasaan Gassim Saad","family":"Mohame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine Qatar University  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC)  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tintu","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC)  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghanim Ali","family":"Al Mannai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine Qatar University  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Thani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Abdulmalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC)  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loc Giang","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health The University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Chrisopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health The University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ethnicity and Medical Care","author":"Harwood A.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"F.deBel\u2010Air \u201cDemography Migration and Labour Market in Qatar. 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