{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:25:13Z","timestamp":1753878313197,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRN 148779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 148779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FACE\u2010Q Craniofacial Module is a patient\u2010reported outcome measure (PROM) developed for children and young adults with craniofacial conditions. We hypothesised that some of its scales may be applicable to other populations. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of FACE\u2010Q scales for patients with dental malocclusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FACE\u2010Q Dental Module includes 5 scales from the Craniofacial Module that measure appearance (Face, Jaws, Smile and Teeth) and function (Eating\/Drinking). Data were collected from patients aged 8\u201329\u2009years who presented with a dental malocclusion (pre\u2010treatment) or 1\u20132\u2009years after orthodontic treatment (post\u2010treatment) at a large university\u2010based orthodontic specialty clinic in Canada between September 2018 and March 2020. Patients completed a paper questionnaire booklet, and data were entered into a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey. The psychometric analysis was performed using Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample of 434 patients was aged 9 to 29\u2009years, with 249 female and 185 male participants. The sample included 252 pre\u2010treatment and 182 post\u2010treatment patients. The 4 appearance scales evidenced strong psychometric performance; all 37 items had ordered thresholds with good item fit to the Rasch model. Reliability was high, with person separation index and Cronbach alpha values, with and without extremes \u2265\u20090.86. As hypothesised, those participants who had a major difference in appearance, and those who reported liking their appearance less, scored lower on the appearance scales (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the RMT analysis, the Eating\/Drinking scale evidenced low reliability and poor targeting with close to 40% of particpants scoring at the ceiling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FACE\u2010Q Dental Module provides a means to collect evidence\u2010based outcomes data from children and young adults who undergo orthodontic care for dental malocclusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.13045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T01:04:48Z","timestamp":1749085488000},"page":"442-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric Validation of the <scp>FACE<\/scp>\u2010Q Dental Module in Patients With Malocclusions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Tassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Program, Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne F.","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen W. Y.","family":"Wong Riff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4309-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlene","family":"Rae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","year":"2013","author":"Proffit W. R.","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1465312520904377"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration \u201cGuidance for Industry: Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims \u201d2009 http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/Guidances\/UCM193282.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170289"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2406-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2023.101956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2022.101795"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/dmr.dmr_34_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653125.2015.1114223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010010\u20109606\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"COSMIN Study Design Checklist for Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measurement Instruments","volume":"2019","author":"Mokkink L. B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Netherlands"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"volume-title":"Studies in Mathematical Psychology: 1. Probablistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests","year":"1960","author":"Rasch G.","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1"},{"volume-title":"Rating Scale Analysis","year":"1982","author":"Wright B. D.","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S14399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744\u2010021\u201000338\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146621616677520"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Rasch Models in Health","author":"Marais I.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/270846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","year":"1994","author":"Nunnally J. C.","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2013.38.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1551\u20107144(09)00212\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512010000600008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2019.04.005"}],"container-title":["Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cdoe.13045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T13:17:46Z","timestamp":1752499066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cdoe.13045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cdoe.13045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdoe.13045","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-5661","1600-0528"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0301-5661"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0528"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}