{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:16:04Z","timestamp":1777886164271,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U54GM104942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U54GM104942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this research was to determine if the ratio of family income to poverty index is a modifier in the relationship of sugar\u2010sweetened beverages (SSB) and dental caries in U.S. children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study design of NHANES 2015\u20132020 for ages 1 to &lt;\u200918\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096212) was conducted. The What We Eat in America interview was used for classification and categorization (0, 1, and \u2265\u20092) of SSB in the NHANES daily dietary file. Untreated dental caries were determined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention dental examiners and categorised as yes (untreated) or no. The poverty index was categorised as &lt;\u2009200% of the poverty line (low income, &lt;\u20092), \u2265\u2009200% to less than 400% (moderate \u2265\u20092 to &lt;\u20094), and \u2265\u2009400% (high \u2265\u20094). Chi Square and Logistic regression analyses were conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 11.6% of children with dental caries; 46.7% with a low income; and 43.0% who consumed no SSB. In subgroup analysis by income, among the children whose family had a moderate income (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091541), the unadjusted odds ratio for \u2265\u20092 SSB on dental caries was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.57, 4.67) and the adjusted odds ratio was 2.61 (95% CI: 1.48, 4.60) as compared with no SSB consumption. The relationship failed to reach significance among children whose family had a low or high income.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Family income was a modifier in this research comparing SSB consumption and dental caries. This study highlights the complicated relationship of SSB consumption and family income on dental caries among children in the U.S.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T01:39:02Z","timestamp":1749865142000},"page":"571-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequent Sugar\u2010Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Dental Caries, and the Federal Poverty Level in Children 1\u201318\u2009Years,\n                    <scp>NHANES<\/scp>\n                    2015\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0371-6699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Constance","family":"Wiener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, School of Dentistry West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bayan","family":"Abuhalimeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry West Virginia University  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Cochran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Division, Osteopathic Medicine  Lewisburg West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Dental Caries and Tooth Loss in Adults in the United States, 2011\u20132012","author":"Dye B. A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cOral Health Surveillance Report: Trends in Dental Caries and Sealants Tooth Retention and Edentulism United States. 1999\u20132004 to 2011\u20132016. Atlanta GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention US Dept of Health and Human Services; 20192019 Oral Health Surveillance Report | Oral Health | CDC \u201d (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"M.Lin S. O.Griffin B. F.Gooch et\u00a0al. \u201cOral Health Surveillance Report: Trends in Dental Caries and Sealants Tooth Retention and Edentulism United States: 1999\u20132004 to 2011\u20132016 \u201d(2019) https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/82756\/cdc_82756_DS1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005\u2010020\u201000237\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.764479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2198433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)31146\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060221139588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cNHANES Analytic Guidance and Brief Overview for the 2017\u2010March 2020 Pre\u2010Pandemic Data Files (cdc.gov) \u201d(2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cEstimating Variance Analyzing Subgroups and Calculating Degrees of Freedom for Performing Statistical Tests and Calculating Confidence Intervals \u201d(2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211068743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2020.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad147"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Sugar\u2010Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Caries Prevalence in Underserved Black Adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Laurence B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2020.08.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2023.08.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010020\u201000655\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010021\u201003852\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2021.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2021.100189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018002604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019\u20100282"}],"container-title":["Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cdoe.70000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cdoe.70000","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cdoe.70000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:28:09Z","timestamp":1777606089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cdoe.70000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cdoe.70000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdoe.70000","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-5661","1600-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-5661","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}