{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:54:11Z","timestamp":1792050851230,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009028","name":"Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RISTEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISTEX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009028","name":"Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJOP1831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJOP1831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009028","name":"Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJRX21K6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJRX21K6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019434","name":"Japan Health Promotion and Fitness Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental care is important for oral health, but access to dental services is subject to social inequalities and varies between countries. Despite this, few cross\u2010national studies have examined how public dental expenditure relates to dental service use among older adults. This study aimed to investigate the associations between public dental expenditure and dental visits among older adults using an international comparative design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, Wave 8, 2019), covering 25 European countries and Israel, and the Japanese Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES, 2019). The final sample included 48\u2009497 adults aged 65\u2009years or older. The outcome was any dental visit in the past year, while the explanatory variable was country\u2010level annual per capita public dental expenditure on outpatient dental care in 2019 (USD), obtained from the OECD database and adjusted for purchasing power parity. A multilevel modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs), accounting for between\u2010country variability. Interaction terms between household income and public dental expenditure were included to examine effect modification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall dental visit rate was 59.5%, with higher rates among women, those with higher education, and those in higher income groups. Each $10 increase in per capita public dental expenditure at the country level was associated with higher dental visit rates (PR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.07). The association was stronger among lower\u2010income groups, suggesting that income\u2010related inequalities in dental visits were smaller in countries with higher public dental expenditure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public expenditure on dental care was associated with higher dental visit rates, particularly among low\u2010income groups. These findings suggest that public financing of dental care may help reduce income\u2010related inequalities in dental visits among older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.70076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:39:42Z","timestamp":1780292382000},"page":"578-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Public Dental Expenditure and Dental Visits in Europe and Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics The University of Tokyo  Tokyo 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