{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:54:13Z","timestamp":1792050853117,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This questionnaire\u2010based study aimed to assess parent\u2010reported caries (PRC) at ages 2\u20135\u2009years and identify potential influencing factors using an exploratory, repeated cross\u2010sectional analysis within an ongoing birth\u2010cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parental factors included health, socioeconomic status, maternal age and dental check\u2010up attendance. Child factors included birth mode and weight, antibiotic, probiotic, bottle use, early dentition, weaning age, oral hygiene, diet, body mass index (BMI) and mouth\u2010breathing. Environmental factors included sibling caries, contact with other children, pets, or farms. Families (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091296) who completed the 2\u2010year caries questionnaire were included, corresponding numbers were 1276 at 3\u2009years, 993 at 4\u2009years, and 768 at 5\u2009years. A subgroup comprised children who had visited a dentist since their last birthday (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009735, at 2\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009951, 891 and 662 at 3, 4 and 5\u2009years respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRC rate was 0.4%, 1.3%, 2.7% and 4.4% for ages 2\u20135. Rates were 0.4%, 1.6%, 3.3% and 4.7% for the subgroup at the same ages. At Age 2, maternal migration background, lower paternal education and unemployment, late weaning, infrequent maternal dental check\u2010ups and pet contact were associated with PRC. Except for paternal education, the same factors remained associated in the subgroup. At Age 3, single\u2010parent status, maternal physical health, late weaning, sibling caries and pet contact were significantly associated with PRC. With the addition of infrequent maternal dental check\u2010ups, the same factors remained associated in the subgroup. At Age 4, early dentition, mouth\u2010breathing aged 1 were associated with PRC. Including late weaning, the same factors remained significantly associated in the subgroup. At Age 5, poor dietary and toothbrushing behaviour aged 2, younger mother, low BMI aged 1, infrequent maternal dental check\u2010ups, pet contact, and pacifier hygiene were associated with PRC. Except dietary behaviour aged 2, with the addition of paternal employment, the same factors were significantly associated in the subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies key parental, child, and environmental risk factors for early childhood caries, revealing novel factors for further investigation and targeted prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.70078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T09:05:56Z","timestamp":1780909556000},"page":"596-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Associated With Parent\u2010Reported Caries in Preschool Children From the\n                    <scp>KUNO<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Kids Health Study\u2014Repeated Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6478-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ine M.","family":"Lennon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7301-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Fluch\u2010Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4726-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.\u2010A.","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Schenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Gade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7575-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Buchalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Brandstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO)  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE), hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"K\u00f6ninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Hedwig University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Melter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO)  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE), hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Apfelbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE), hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research Otto von Guericke University  Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kabesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO)  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE), hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"KUNO\u2010Kids Study 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