{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:47:50Z","timestamp":1791884870717,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comm Dent Oral Epid"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral health outcomes reflect cumulative life\u2010course exposures, with early\u2010life experiences, particularly patterns of dental attendance, playing a key role in shaping oral health trajectories and inequalities in adulthood. This study aimed to assess socio\u2010demographic differences in adult perceived oral health status and to examine the pathways linking childhood dental attendance to adult oral health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the 1970 British Cohort Study involving over 17\u2009000 participants born in England, Scotland, and Wales were drawn for this study. Oral health outcomes were assessed through self\u2010reported dental problems at age 26 and self\u2010rated oral health status at age 46. Childhood dental attendance patterns were derived from follow\u2010up data collected at ages 5, 10, and 16. Guided by a directed acyclic graph, path analysis was conducted to examine the hypothesised pathways between childhood dental attendance and adult oral health, incorporating socioeconomic status, oral health behaviours, and general health conditions across the life course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analysed data from 4 699 participants, of whom 23% reported poor oral health. Poor oral health was more prevalent among participants who brushed their teeth less than twice daily, had comorbidities in childhood or adulthood, had a history of dental problems, and were smokers. Childhood dental attendance pattern had a very weak, yet positive direct effect on adult oral health at age 46 (OR\u2009=\u20091.03, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.00\u20131.06). Higher parental social class was associated with regular childhood dental attendance (OR\u2009=\u20091.17, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.14\u20131.21) and with higher social class in adulthood (ages 26 and 46), which in turn indirectly influenced adult oral health. Regular dental visits in childhood were linked to improved oral hygiene practice (OR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.02\u20131.08), and in turn, marginally associated with better oral health in adulthood (OR\u2009=\u20091.04, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.07). While dental problems in early adulthood did not mediate the effect of childhood dental attendance, they were associated with poorer oral health in middle adulthood (OR\u2009=\u20091.15, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.11\u20131.19).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that childhood dental attendance has a modest but positive effect on adult oral health. Socio\u2010demographic factors, particularly parental social class, influence both childhood dental attendance and adult social class, indirectly affecting oral health outcomes. Oral hygiene practices partially mediated the effects, highlighting the importance of early prevention and sustained self\u2010care. Interventions promoting regular dental visits in childhood, alongside addressing social inequalities, may help improve oral health trajectories across the life course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.70125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:16:17Z","timestamp":1791882977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Childhood Dental Attendance and Adult Oral Health: A Path Analysis of the British Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6975-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aina Najwa","family":"Mohd Khairuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Public Health, Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Community Oral Health &amp; Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2770-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5068-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Public Health, Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.08.009","article-title":"The Dahlgren\u2010Whitehead Model of Health Determinants: 30\u2009Years on and Still Chasing Rainbows","volume":"199","author":"Dahlgren G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"WHO Oral Health: World Health Organisation 2023available from https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/oral\u2010health#tab=tab_1."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"WHO Global oral health status report: towards universal health coverage for oral health by 2030: World Health Organisation 2022available from https:\/\/www.who.int\/team\/noncommunicable\u2010diseases\/global\u2010status\u2010report\u2010on\u2010oral\u2010health\u20102022\/."},{"issue":"10194","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral Diseases: A Global Public Health Challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres M. 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