{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T08:40:16Z","timestamp":1775551216098,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,24]],"date-time":"2012-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Modulation of the host immune response by helminths has been reported to be essential for parasite survival and also to benefit the host by suppressing inflammatory diseases such as allergies. We have previously shown that excretory\u2010secretory products of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>richinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> muscle larvae have immunomodulatory properties and induce <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> the expansion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> Treg cells in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed at determining the effect of the acute (intestinal) and the chronic (muscle) phase of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>. spiralis<\/jats:italic> infection on experimental allergic airway inflammation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAAI<\/jats:styled-content>) to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Ovalbumin (OVA)<\/jats:styled-content> and the involvement of Treg cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chronic phase was established before <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010sensitization\/challenge and the acute phase at two\u2010time points, before and after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010sensitization. Mice were infected with 400 <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>. spiralis<\/jats:italic> larvae and after euthanasia different pathological features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAAI<\/jats:styled-content> were measured. Adoptive transfer of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> T cells from <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>richinella<\/jats:italic> infected mice to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content> sensitized\/challenged recipients was also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that the chronic as well as the acute phase of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>richinella<\/jats:italic> infection suppress <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAAI<\/jats:styled-content> as indicated by reduction in airway inflammation, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific IgE levels in sera, Th2\u2010cytokine production and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. This protective effect was found to be stronger during the chronic phase and to be associated with increased numbers of splenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> Treg cells with suppressive activity. Adoptive transfer of splenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> T cells from chronically infected mice with elevated numbers of Treg cells resulted in partial protection against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAAI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results demonstrate that the protective effect of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>. spiralis<\/jats:italic> on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAAI<\/jats:styled-content> increases as infection progresses from the acute to the chronic phase. Here, Treg cells may play an essential role in the suppression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EAAI<\/jats:styled-content>. Elucidating the mechanisms and molecular helminth structures responsible for this regulatory process is relevant to develop alternative tools for preventing or treating allergic asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T17:37:16Z","timestamp":1350322636000},"page":"103-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Protection against allergic airway inflammation during the chronic and acute phases of <i><scp>T<\/scp>richinella spiralis<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Aranzamendi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kuiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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