{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:08:45Z","timestamp":1790611725443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of fish\u2010allergic patients are sensitized to parvalbumin, known to be the cause of important IgE cross\u2010reactivity among fish species. Little is known about the importance of fish allergens other than parvalbumin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to characterize hitherto undefined fish allergens in three commonly consumed fish species, cod, salmon and tuna, and to evaluate their importance for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> IgE\u2010diagnosis in addition to parvalbumin and fish gelatin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010two patients were diagnosed by clinical history, skin prick tests and specific IgE to fish extracts. Two new fish allergens from cod, salmon and tuna were identified by microsequencing. These proteins were characterized by immunoblot, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and mediator release assay. Purified parvalbumin, enolase, aldolase and fish gelatin were used for quantification of specific IgE in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parvalbumin and two other allergens of 50 and 40\u00a0kDa were detected in IgE\u2010immunoblots of cod, salmon and tuna extracts by most patient sera. The 50 and 40\u00a0kDa proteins were identified as beta\u2010enolase and fructose\u2010bisphosphate aldolase A respectively. Both purified enzymes showed allergenic activity in the mediator release assay. Indeed, 72.6% of the patients were sensitized to parvalbumin, 20% of these had specific IgE to salmon parvalbumin only. IgE to enolases were found in 62.9% (0.5\u201395.0\u00a0kU<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\/L), to aldolases in 50.0% (0.4\u201026.0 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kU<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>\/L) and to fish gelatin in 19.3% (0.4\u201320.0\u00a0kU<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\/L) of the patients. Inter\u2010species cross\u2010reactivity, even though limited, was found for enolases and aldolases by IgE\u2010inhibition ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fish enolase and aldolase have been identified as important new fish allergens. In fish allergy diagnosis, IgE to enolase and aldolase are especially relevant when IgE to parvalbumin are absent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]],"date-time":"2013-03-26T18:43:04Z","timestamp":1364323384000},"page":"811-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Identification of enolases and aldolases as important fish allergens in cod, salmon and tuna: component resolved diagnosis using parvalbumin and the new allergens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Allergology CRP\u2010Sant\u00e9 Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Hilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Allergology CRP\u2010Sant\u00e9 Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lehners\u2010Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Immunology and Allergology Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Codreanu\u2010Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Immunology and Allergology Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Morisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Immunology and Allergology Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Metz\u2010Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Division Department of Chest Diseases University Hospital Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association pour la Recherche et pour l'Information m\u00e9dicale en Allergologie et en Environnement Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"de Blay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Division Department of Chest Diseases University Hospital Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Revets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology CRP\u2010Sant\u00e9 Luxembourg Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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