{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:24:17Z","timestamp":1791933857405,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":265,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is an immunological pulmonary disorder caused by hypersensitivity to\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , manifesting with poorly controlled asthma, recurrent pulmonary infiltrates and bronchiectasis\n                    <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    There are estimated to be in excess of four million patients affected world\u2010wide. The importance of recognizing\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    relates to the improvement of patient symptoms, and delay in development or prevention of bronchiectasis, one manifestation of permanent lung damage in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Environmental factors may not be the only pathogenetic factors because not all asthmatics develop\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    despite being exposed to the same environment. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is probably a polygenic disorder, which does not remit completely once expressed, although long\u2010term remissions do occur. In a genetically predisposed individual, inhaled conidia of\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    germinate into hyphae with release of antigens that activate the innate and adaptive immune responses (Th2\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell responses) of the lung. The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISHAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) has constituted a working group on\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    complicating asthma (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.abpaworkinggroup.org\">www.abpaworkinggroup.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ), which convened an international conference to summarize the current state of knowledge, and formulate consensus\u2010based guidelines for diagnosis and therapy. New diagnosis and staging criteria for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are proposed. Although a small number of randomized controlled trials have been conducted, long\u2010term management remains poorly studied. Primary therapy consists of oral corticosteroids to control exacerbations, itraconazole as a steroid\u2010sparing agent and optimized asthma therapy. Uncertainties surround the prevention and management of bronchiectasis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and aspergilloma as complications, concurrent rhinosinusitis and environmental control. There is need for new oral antifungal agents and immunomodulatory therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T12:38:52Z","timestamp":1367498332000},"page":"850-873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":780,"title":["Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: review of literature and proposal of new diagnostic and classification criteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Mycology Department of Medical Microbiology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute University of Delhi New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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