{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T12:02:04Z","timestamp":1773057724937,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are limited data assessing the predictive value of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) for persistence of wheezing, exacerbations, or lung function change over time in infants\/toddlers with recurrent wheezing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an ongoing longitudinal cohort of infants and toddlers with recurrent wheezing, we compared predictive values of single\u2010breath <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>), tidal\u2010breathing mixed expired <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> (tidal\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>), bronchodilator responsiveness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDR<\/jats:styled-content>) and the Castro\u2010Rodriquez Asthma Predictive Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content>) for persistence of wheezing, exacerbations and lung function change through age 3\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enrolment forced expiratory flows and volumes infant pulmonary function tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iPFT<\/jats:styled-content>s) were measured in 44 infants\/toddlers using the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression method. SB\u2010FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub> was measured at 50\u00a0mL\/s, and tidal\u2010FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub> was measured during awake tidal breathing. Clinical outcomes were assessed at age 3\u00a0years in 42 infants. Follow\u2010up <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iPFT<\/jats:styled-content>s were completed between ages 2.5\u20133\u00a0years in 32 subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An enrolment SB\u2010FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub> concentration \u2265\u00a030\u00a0p.p.b. predicted persistence of wheezing at age 3\u00a0years with a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 94%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74\u20130.98). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values of SB\u2010FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub> for persistence of wheezing and exacerbations were superior to tidal\u2010FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub>, BDR, and the API. SB\u2010FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub> \u2265\u00a030\u00a0p.p.b. and tidal\u2010FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub> \u2265\u00a07\u00a0p.p.b. measured at enrolment was associated with a decline in both FEV<jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub> and FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub> between enrolment and age 3\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In wheezy infants\/toddlers, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> was superior to tidal\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> BDR<\/jats:styled-content>, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content> in predicting future exacerbations and persistence of wheezing at age 3\u00a0years. Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and tidal\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FE<jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> were associated with lung function decline over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T12:14:52Z","timestamp":1374840892000},"page":"1351-1361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Exhaled nitric oxide predicts persistence of wheezing, exacerbations, and decline in lung function in wheezy infants and toddlers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Pediatrics Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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