{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:24:17Z","timestamp":1790364257354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel data\u2010driven approach was used to identify wheezing phenotypes in pre\u2010schoolchildren aged 0\u20138\u00a0years, in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIAMA<\/jats:styled-content>) birth cohort. Five phenotypes were identified: never\/infrequent wheeze, transient early wheeze, intermediate onset wheeze, persistent wheeze and late onset wheeze. It is unknown which perinatal risk factors drive development of these phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the study was to assess associations of perinatal factors with wheezing phenotypes and to identify possible targets for prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIAMA<\/jats:styled-content> study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03963), perinatal factors were collected at 3\u00a0months, and wheezing was assessed annually until the age of 8\u00a0years. Associations between perinatal risk factors and the five wheezing phenotypes were assessed using weighted multinomial logistic regression models. Odds ratios were adjusted for confounding variables and calculated with \u2018never\/infrequent wheeze\u2019 as reference category.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete data were available for 2728 children. Risk factors for <jats:italic>transient early wheeze<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0455) were male gender, maternal and paternal allergy, low maternal age, high maternal body mass index, short pregnancy duration, smoking during pregnancy, presence of older siblings and day\u2010care attendance. Risk factors for <jats:italic>persistent wheeze<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a083) were male gender, maternal and paternal allergy, and not receiving breastfeeding for at least 12\u00a0weeks. <jats:italic>Intermediate onset wheeze<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a098) was associated with a lower birth weight and <jats:italic>late onset wheeze<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a045) with maternal allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified different risk factors for specific childhood wheezing phenotypes. Some of these are modifiable, such as maternal age and body mass index, smoking, day\u2010care attendance and breastfeeding, and may be important targets for prevention programmes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T10:36:45Z","timestamp":1373884605000},"page":"1395-1405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Perinatal risk factors for wheezing phenotypes in the first 8\u00a0years of life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Caudri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics\/Respiratory Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center \u2013 Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. E. M.","family":"Savenije","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Beatrix Children's Hospital University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"GRIAC Research Institute Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRIAC Research Institute Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. H.","family":"Koppelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology Beatrix Children's Hospital University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. H.","family":"Wijga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kerkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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