{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T15:30:21Z","timestamp":1768750221209,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]],"date-time":"2013-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interferon\u2010regulatory factors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRF<\/jats:styled-content>s) play a crucial role in immunity, not only influencing interferon expression but also T cell differentiation. IRF\u20104 was only recently recognized as a further major player in T cell differentiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>As <jats:italic>IRF\u20101<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms were shown to be associated with atopy and allergy, we comprehensively investigated effects of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104<\/jats:italic> variants on allergy, asthma and related phenotypes in German children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104<\/jats:italic> gene were genotyped by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MALDI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOF MS<\/jats:styled-content> in the cross\u2010sectional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content> phase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> study population from Munich and Dresden (age 9\u201311; <jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>3099). Replication was performed in our previously established genome\u2010wide association study (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GWAS<\/jats:styled-content>) data set (<jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>1303) consisting of asthma cases from the Multicenter Asthma Genetic in Childhood (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAGIC<\/jats:styled-content>) study and reference children from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC II<\/jats:styled-content> study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s were not significantly associated with asthma but with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, atopy and, most interestingly, with recurrent bronchitis in the first data set. The <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104<\/jats:italic> variant rs9378805 was associated with recurrent bronchitis in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content> population and replicated in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GWAS<\/jats:styled-content> data set where further <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s showed associations with recurrent bronchitis and asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found genetic associations in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104<\/jats:italic> to be associated with recurrent bronchitis in our two study populations. Associated polymorphisms are localized in a putative regulatory element in the 3\u2032<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTR<\/jats:styled-content> region of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104<\/jats:italic>. These findings suggest a putative role of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104<\/jats:italic> in the development of bronchitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T14:23:08Z","timestamp":1373984588000},"page":"1152-1159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Polymorphisms in the <scp>IRF<\/scp>\u20104 gene, asthma and recurrent bronchitis in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"L. A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Pontificia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy University Children`s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Klopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Unified Biobank Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology Helmholtz Center Munich Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Vogelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children's Hospital Technical University Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"von Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for the Prevention of Allergic Diseases Children's Department Marien\u2010Hospital Wesel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bufe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pneumology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Heinzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children's Hospital Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Laub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinder\u2010 und Jugendarztpraxis Laub Rosenheim 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