{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:26:03Z","timestamp":1791174363027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic variation in the \u03b2\u20102 adrenergic receptor gene (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADRB<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>) has been implicated in asthma severity and control with conflicting results. Epigenetic variation in the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADRB<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> may play an important role in asthma phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to evaluate whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADRB<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> is associated with asthma phenotypes in inner\u2010city school\u2010aged children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple CpG sites in the promoter region of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADRB<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> gene were analysed in 177 children enrolled in the School Inner\u2010City Asthma Study. Blood\u2010 or saliva\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was measured by bisulphite\u2010polymerase chain reaction pyrosequencing assay. Average percentage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation across the sites was evaluated for association with asthma severity (report of dyspnoea, night\u2010time symptoms, rescue medication use, and baseline spirometry) and morbidity (school absences and unscheduled healthcare visits). Three clades composed of highly correlated methylation sites within the methylated segment of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADRB<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> were further analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methylation of individual sites generally ranged from 0% to 6% with average percentage methylation across sites of 2.4%. Univariate analyses strongly favoured the association of higher percentage methylation with lower asthma severity measured by report of dyspnoea. Furthermore, there was a non\u2010significant trend towards less rescue medication use, night\u2010time symptoms, school absences, activity limitation due to asthma, and improved lung function measurements with increased methylation. Multivariate analysis demonstrated methylation of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADRB<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> gene significantly associated with less dyspnoea (odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.2, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>), 0.1\u20130.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Each of the three clades of methylation sites showed a strong, but not statistically significant, effect on decreased dyspnoea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation in the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADRB<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> gene is associated with decreased asthma symptom severity, suggesting a role for methylation in asthma phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]],"date-time":"2013-10-17T07:52:41Z","timestamp":1381996361000},"page":"681-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["\u03b2\u20102 Adrenergic receptor gene methylation is associated with decreased asthma severity in inner\u2010city Schoolchildren"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"J. M.","family":"Gaffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Respiratory Diseases Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. A.","family":"Raby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Respiratory Diseases Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. B.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Baccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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