{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:54:21Z","timestamp":1784768061813,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is generally characterized by local Th2 inflammation and is categorized into two subtypes in Japan: eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (similar to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in western countries) and non\u2010eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (characterized by Th1\u2010dominant inflammation).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate local IgE production and class switch recombination to IgE in these two subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identity of IgE\u2010positive cells was determined using double\u2010immunofluorescent staining for IgE and cell\u2010type\u2010specific molecular markers. To investigate the local class switch recombination to IgE and IgE synthesis in the mucosa, we performed real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction to examine the m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of Th2 cytokines and class\u2010switch\u2010related molecules, including IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u201013, \u03b5 germline gene transcripts, IgE mature transcript, IgG mature transcript, RAG1, RAG2 and activation\u2010induced cytidine deaminase in eosinophilic polyps, non\u2010eosinophilic polyps and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concentrations of total IgE and number of IgE\u2010positive cells were significantly higher in the eosinophilic polyps compared with control and non\u2010eosinophilic polyps. IgE\u2010positive cells were predominantly mast cells in eosinophilic polyps and significantly correlated with the number of Fc\u03b5R1\u2010positive cells in the subepithelial layer. IL\u20105 and IL\u201013 m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> and \u03b5 germline gene transcripts expression levels were significantly higher in eosinophilic polyps compared with control and non\u2010eosinophilic polyps. In contrast, the number of plasma cells and the expression of IgG mature transcripts were increased in non\u2010eosinophilic polyps compared with eosinophilic polyps. RAG2 m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly increased in both eosinophilic and non\u2010eosinophilic polyps compared with control mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study suggests local class switching to IgE, production of IgE and IgE localization to the surface of mast cells in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis in the Japanese population. The difference in the IgE\u2010related profiles between eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and non\u2010eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis suggests heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T10:30:09Z","timestamp":1392633009000},"page":"701-712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Local increase in IgE and class switch recombination to IgE in nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Baba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Toma\u2010Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Suzukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ushio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Suzukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Department of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine Itabashi\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Department of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine Itabashi\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital Kiyose Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yamasoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"EP3OS 2007: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007. 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