{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:56:17Z","timestamp":1765727777822},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An inverse relation between <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>elicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and allergic disease has been reported by a range of independent epidemiological studies, but evidence from longitudinal studies is scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have investigated the effects of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection on the incidence and prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in a low\u2010income birth cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2005\/2006, a population\u2010based birth cohort was established in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>utajira, Ethiopia, and the 1006 singleton babies born were followed up at ages 1, 3, and 5. Symptoms of allergic disease were collected using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaire, allergen skin tests performed, and stool samples analysed for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> antigen and geohelminths. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the independent effects of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> measured at age 3 on the incidence of each outcome between ages 3 and 5\u00a0years (in those without the outcome at age 3), controlling for potential confounders, and to additionally assess cross\u2010sectional associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 863 children were followed up to age 5. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was found in 25% of the children at both ages 3 and 5, in 21% at age 5 but not 3, and in 17% at age 3 but not at age 5. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection at age 3 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of incident eczema between ages 3 and 5 (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.31; 0.10\u20130.94, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02). Cross\u2010sectionally at age 5, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was inversely associated with skin sensitization (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.26; 0.07\u20130.92, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings provide further evidence to suggest that early\u2010life exposure to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> may play a protective role in the development of allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T11:26:16Z","timestamp":1392636376000},"page":"563-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Exposure to <i><scp>H<\/scp>elicobacter pylori<\/i> infection in early childhood and the risk of allergic disease and atopic sensitization: a longitudinal birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Amberbir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Medhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. E.","family":"Abegaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Hanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomolecular Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Venn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brighton &amp; 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