{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:47:10Z","timestamp":1758815230200},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"WOTRO","award":["WB 93-443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WB 93-443"]}]},{"name":"GLOFAL","award":["CT-2005-517812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT-2005-517812"]}]},{"name":"EUROPREVALL","award":["FOOD-CT-2005-514000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOOD-CT-2005-514000"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["075791\/Z\/04\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075791\/Z\/04\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological evidence suggests that helminth infection and rural living are inversely associated with allergic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of helminth infections and urban versus rural residence on allergy in schoolchildren from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>hana.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a cross\u2010sectional study of 1385 children from urban\u2010high socio\u2010economic status (SES), urban\u2010low SES and rural schools, associations between body mass index (BMI), allergen\u2010specific IgE (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIgE<\/jats:styled-content>), parasitic infections and allergy outcomes were analysed. Allergy outcomes were skin prick test (SPT) reactivity, reported current wheeze and asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Helminth infections were found predominantly among rural subjects, and the most common were hookworm (9.9%) and Schistosoma spp (9.5%). Being overweight was highest among urban\u2010high SES (14.6%) compared to urban\u2010low SES (5.5%) and rural children (8.6%). The prevalence of SPT reactivity to any allergen was 18.3%, and this was highest among rural children (21.4%) followed by urban\u2010high SES (20.2%) and urban\u2010low SES (10.5%) children. Overall, SPT reactivity to mite (12%) was most common. Wheeze and asthma were reported by 7.9% and 8.3%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with mite SPT were BMI (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.43, 95% CI 1.28\u20134.60, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), schistosome infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.15, 95% CI 0.05\u20130.41) and mite <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIgE<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 7.40, 95% CI 5.62\u20139.73, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) but not area. However, the association between mite IgE and SPT differed by area and was strongest among urban\u2010high SES children (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a015.58, 95% CI 7.05\u201334.43, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Compared to rural, urban\u2010low SES area was negatively associated with current wheeze (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.41, 95% CI 0.20\u20130.83, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013). Both mite <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIgE<\/jats:styled-content> and mite SPT were significantly associated with current wheeze and asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with schistosomes appeared to protect against mite <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> reactivity. This needs to be confirmed in future studies, preferably in a longitudinal design where schistosome infections are treated and allergic reactions reassessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]],"date-time":"2014-03-19T01:58:46Z","timestamp":1395194326000},"page":"965-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Schistosome infection is negatively associated with mite atopy, but not wheeze and asthma in <scp>G<\/scp>hanaian <scp>S<\/scp>choolchildren"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"B. B.","family":"Obeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Amoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. A.","family":"Larbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. K.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010W.","family":"Uh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Hospital Clinico San Carlos Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"van Ree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam University Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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