{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:04:16Z","timestamp":1776211456724,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES018845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES018845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00HL096955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HL096955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied the association between 25\u2010hydroxy (25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>) vitamin D deficiency and asthma prevalence in two Peruvian populations close to the equator but with disparate degrees of urbanization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a population\u2010based study in 1441 children in two communities in Peru, of which 1134 (79%) provided a blood sample for 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> vitamin D analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In these 1134 children, mean age was 14.8\u00a0years; 52% were boys; asthma and atopy prevalence was 12% in Lima vs. 3% in Tumbes (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and 59% in Lima vs. 41% in Tumbes (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001), respectively; and, mean 25\u2010OH vitamin D level was 20.8\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> in Lima vs. 30.1\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> in Tumbes (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Prevalence of 25\u2010OH vitamin D deficiency (&lt;\u00a020\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>) was 47% in Lima vs. 7% in Tumbes (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). In multi\u2010variable logistic regression, we found that lower 25\u2010OH vitamin D levels were associated with an increased odds of asthma (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.7 per each 10\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> decrease in 25\u2010OH vitamin D levels, 95% CI 1.2\u20132.6; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). In stratified analyses, the association between lower 25\u2010OH vitamin D levels and asthma was limited to children with atopy (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.2, 95% CI 1.3\u20133.6) and not in those without atopy (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.9, 95% CI 0.5\u20132.0). We did not find associations between 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> vitamin D levels and other clinical biomarkers for asthma, including exhaled nitric oxide, total serum IgE and pulmonary function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both asthma and 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> vitamin D deficiency were common among children living in Lima (latitude\u00a0=\u00a012.0\u00b0S) but not among those in Tumbes (3.6\u00b0S). The relationship between 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> vitamin D deficiency and asthma was similar in both sites and was limited among children with atopy. Future supplementation trials may need to consider stratification by atopy at the time of design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T16:54:53Z","timestamp":1395766493000},"page":"273-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["25\u2010hydroxy vitamin D levels are associated with childhood asthma in a population\u2010based study in <scp>P<\/scp>eru"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Checkley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. N.","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Division of Environmental Health Sciences Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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