{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:28:18Z","timestamp":1775147298887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]],"date-time":"2014-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mechanisms for producing weals in chronic spontaneous (idiopathic) urticaria (CSU) are incompletely understood. Leucocyte infiltration with vascular leakage and expression of the potent vasoactive agents' calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and vascular endothelial growth factor (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) are features of late\u2010phase allergic skin reactions, previously proposed as a model of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To measure\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      expression in lesional and non\u2010lesional skin from\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients and to compare results with a control group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight paired biopsies (one from 4\u20138\u00a0h spontaneous weals and one from uninvolved skin) were taken from eight patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and nine control subjects and studied by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lesional skin in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      contained significantly more\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      + and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      + cells than non\u2010lesional skin. No significant differences were observed in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      expression between non\u2010lesional skin and controls. In lesional skin,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      co\u2010localised to UEA\u20101+ blood vessels.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was also expressed by neutrophils and eosinophils and to a lesser extent by CD90\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      fibroblasts, mast cells,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      68\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      expression was not related to the duration of disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Increased expression of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in lesional, but not uninvolved, skin indicates that these potent vasoactive agents may play a role in wealing and tissue oedema in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      so representing novel targets in therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,5]],"date-time":"2014-06-05T08:03:00Z","timestamp":1401955380000},"page":"1053-1060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide and vascular endothelial growth factor are expressed in lesional but not uninvolved skin in chronic spontaneous urticaria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"A. B.","family":"Kay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leukocyte Biology Section National Heart &amp; Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology Guy's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ardelean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9\/ECARF Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mlynek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9\/ECARF Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergic Diseases Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leukocyte Biology Section National Heart &amp; Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9\/ECARF Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306033282204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.123236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70475-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","article-title":"Elevations in vascular markers and eosinophils in chronic spontaneous urticarial weals with low level persistence in uninvolved skin","author":"Kay AB","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1985.tb11107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.115626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.07.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-5539(03)00049-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00037.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/313054a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1737fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00221-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90296-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Serum eotaxin levels in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"44","author":"Tedeschi A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.7.3976","article-title":"C\u2010C chemokines in allergen\u2010induced late\u2010phase cutaneous responses in atopic subjects: association of eotaxin with early 6\u2010hour eosinophils, and of eotaxin\u20102 and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20104 with the later 24\u2010hour tissue eosinophilia, and relationship to basophils and other C\u2010C chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20103 and RANTES)","volume":"163","author":"Ying S","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.6.3261","article-title":"Human mast cells produce IL\u20108","volume":"151","author":"M\u00f6ller A","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289646a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490290104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1993.1207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705974104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.896"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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