{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:27:41Z","timestamp":1783690061695,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]],"date-time":"2015-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL113010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL113010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI051598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI051598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI089473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI089473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Separately, prenatal antibiotics and Caesarian delivery have been found to be associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. It is not clear whether these factors may modify the effect of each other.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether the associations between delivery types and eczema, sensitization and total IgE at age 2\u00a0years were modified by maternal use of prenatal medications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal charts of women enrolled in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHEALS<\/jats:styled-content> birth cohort were reviewed for delivery mode and medications prescribed and administered throughout their entire pregnancy, including systemic antibiotics and vaginally applied antifungal medications. The associations between the delivery mode and select medications and, eczema, sensitization (\u2265\u00a01 of 10 allergen\u2010specific IgE \u2265\u00a00.35 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/mL) and total IgE at age 2\u00a0years were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a lower risk of eczema among vaginally vs. c\u2010section born children (relative risk adjusted for race\u00a0=\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.77, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.56, 1.05). Although not statistically significantly different, this association was stronger among the subset of children born vaginally to a mother who did not use systemic antibiotics or vaginal antifungal medications (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.69, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.44, 1.08) compared to those born vaginally to mothers who used systemic antibiotics or vaginal antifungals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.81, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.57, 1.14). A protective association between vaginal birth and sensitization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.86, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.72, 1.03) was similar for those children born vaginally to a mother who did not (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aRR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.87, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.69, 1.10) and who did (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.85, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.70, 1.04) use systemic antibiotics or vaginal antifungal medications. There were no associations with total IgE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children born vaginally had lower risk of eczema and sensitization compared with those born via c\u2010section; however, the protective association with eczema may be slightly weakened when mothers took systemic antibiotics or vaginally applied medications during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T12:06:52Z","timestamp":1417608412000},"page":"660-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Combined effects of prenatal medication use and delivery type are associated with eczema at age 2 years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Wegienka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Havstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Zoratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Allergy Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Allergy Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. R.","family":"Ownby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Georgia Regents University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03538.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10001-006-0010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-158OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328349b166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.111237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.118130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.125833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2012.01328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.07.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12411","article-title":"Antibiotic use during pregnancy alters the commensal vaginal microbiota","volume":"20","author":"Stokholm J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.06.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-95"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.100164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199901000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181d1b11e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-012-0154-3"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcea.12467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cea.12467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T10:38:24Z","timestamp":1696329504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cea.12467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cea.12467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.12467","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]]}}}