{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:21:56Z","timestamp":1790259716669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]],"date-time":"2015-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Atopic dermatitis (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is the most common allergic inflammatory skin disease. Interactions of genetic, environmental and immunological factors result in the initiation and progress of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Although the clinical picture, characterized by acute flare\u2010ups of eczematous, pruritic lesions on dry skin at typical predilection such as the flexural folds, is quite homogenous, the trigger factors of the disease are diverse and the pathophysiologic network involved is complex. Therefore, first attempts have been made to classify subtypes of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    based on the most relevant causal factors in the individual patient. To optimize such a stratification of patients, detailed knowledge about cofactors impacting on manifestation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    as well as impairment of the course of the disease is indispensable.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    shares general features of barrier dysfunction and skin inflammation with other inflammatory diseases of the skin such as psoriasis or allergic contact dermatitis, but a plethora of disease\u2010specific genetic, immunologic and environmental factors have been identified in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    as well. It is the purpose of this review to illustrate key concepts of the pathogenesis of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Important findings of recent years will be summarized and cofactors of the pathogenesis will be controversially discussed. We will summarize knowledge on pathogenic factors on the immunologic level contributing to skin barrier dysfunction in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and the role of the microbiome as first line of defence. Furthermore, we will elucidate the role of innate lymphoid cells in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and outline the pattern of T helper cell subtypes present in the skin during different stages of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T12:03:44Z","timestamp":1422878624000},"page":"566-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":243,"title":["Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy University of Bonn Bonn 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