{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:13:59Z","timestamp":1791274439832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008392","name":"Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Helsefonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007605","name":"Aarhus Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008366","name":"Danmarks Lungeforening","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reported prevalence of allergic sensitization among children is lower in rural areas than in urban areas of the world. The aim was to investigate the urban\u2013rural differences of allergic sensitization to inhalant allergens in adults depending on childhood exposure living in an industrialized country as Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1236 male participants of 30\u201340\u00a0years of age recruited from two epidemiological studies were divided into four groups with regard to place of upbringing; city, town, rural area and farm. Allergic sensitization was assessed by skin prick tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content>s) to 10 inhalant allergens and measurements of serum specific IgE (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIgE<\/jats:styled-content>) to four inhalant allergens (grass, birch, cat and house dust mite).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of allergic sensitization to inhalant allergens decreased with decreasing degree of urbanized childhood. The risk of being sensitized to one or more allergens also decreased with decreasing degree of urbanized upbringing measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIgE<\/jats:styled-content> to 4 common allergens as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals with city as reference; town 0.60 (0.39\u20130.92), rural area 0.34 (0.22\u20130.52) and farm 0.31 (0.21\u20130.46). Furthermore, it was measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPT<\/jats:styled-content> to 10 common allergens; town 0.52 (0.33\u20130.84), rural area 0.34 (0.21\u20130.53) and farm 0.29 (0.19\u20130.45). This urban\u2013rural association was also seen for the risk of sensitization to specific allergens, rhinitis and allergic asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study to show an urban\u2013rural gradient of overall allergic sensitization and specific allergen sensitization in adults depending on their childhood exposure. In this highly homogenous western population, exposure to a less urbanized childhood was associated with lower risk of allergic sensitization and disease as an adult.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T22:51:40Z","timestamp":1434754300000},"page":"103-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The Danish urban\u2013rural gradient of allergic sensitization and disease in adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Elholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Environment Occupation and Health Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Linneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Prevention and Health The Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Experimental Research Glostrup University Hospital Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. L. N.","family":"Husemoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Prevention and Health The Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8.","family":"Omland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Occupational Medicine Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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