{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:00:26Z","timestamp":1790326826490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003842","name":"Ilhan Food Allergy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Egg allergy is a leading cause of food allergy in young infants; however, little is known about early allergen\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses which predate the presentation of egg allergy, and if these are altered by early egg exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To investigate the early T\u2010cell responses to multiple egg proteins in relation to patterns of egg exposure and subsequent IgE\u2010mediated egg allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Egg\u2010specific T\u2010cell cytokine responses (IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b3 and TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1) to ovomucoid (OM<\/jats:styled-content>), ovalbumin (OVA<\/jats:styled-content>), conalbumin (CON<\/jats:styled-content>) and lysozyme (LYS<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured in infants with eczema at 4\u00a0months of age (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a040), before randomization to receive \u2018early egg\u2019 or a placebo as part of a randomized controlled trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number 12609000415202) and at 12\u00a0months of age (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a058), when IgE\u2010mediated egg allergy was assessed by skin prick test and food challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In 4\u2013month\u2010old infants, who had not directly ingested egg, those who subsequently developed egg allergy already had significantly higher Th2 cytokine responses to multiple egg allergens, particularly elevated IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 responses to OVA<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004), OM<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012) and LYS<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) and elevated IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 to the same antigens (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.031, 0.04 and 0.003, respectively). IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 responses (to OVA<\/jats:styled-content> and LYS<\/jats:styled-content>) and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 responses (to LYS<\/jats:styled-content>) at 4\u00a0months significantly predicted egg allergy at 12\u00a0months. All responses significantly declined with age in the egg\u2010allergic infants, and this did not appear to be modified by \u2018early\u2019 introduction of egg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions & Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>Elevated egg\u2010<\/jats:bold>specific Th2 cytokine responses were established prior to egg ingestion at 4\u00a0months and were not significantly altered by introduction of egg. Th2 responses at 4\u00a0months of age predicted egg allergy at 12\u00a0months, suggesting that this could be used as a biomarker to select infants for early prevention and management strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T17:27:58Z","timestamp":1438882078000},"page":"308-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Elevated IL<\/scp>\u20105 and IL<\/scp>\u201013 responses to egg proteins predate the introduction of egg in solid foods in infants with eczema"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"J. R.","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"D'Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Telethon KIDS Institute The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Makrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's & Children's Health Research Institute Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Pediatrics Ume\u00e5 University Umea Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Princess Margaret Hospital Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Telethon KIDS Institute The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Princess Margaret Hospital Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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