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It is clinically characterized by anaphylactic reactions ranging from urticaria and angioedema to dyspnoea, hypotension, collapse, and shock.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WDEIA<\/jats:styled-content>usually develops after ingestion of wheat products followed by physical exercise. Other cofactors are acetylsalicylic acid and other non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs, alcohol, and infections. The precise mechanisms of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WDEIA<\/jats:styled-content>remain unclear; exercise and other cofactors might increase gastrointestinal allergen permeability and osmolality, redistribute blood flow, or lower the threshold for IgE\u2010mediated mast cell degranulation. Among wheat proteins, \u03c95\u2010gliadin and high\u2010molecular\u2010weight glutenin subunits have been reported to be the major allergens. In some patients,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WDEIA<\/jats:styled-content>has been discussed to be caused by epicutaneous sensitization with hydrolysed wheat gluten included in cosmetics. Diagnosis is made based on the patient's history in combination with allergy skin testing, determination of wheat\u2010specific IgE serum antibodies, basophil activation test, histamine release test, and\/or exercise challenge test. Acute treatment includes application of adrenaline or antihistamines. The most reliable prophylaxis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WDEIA<\/jats:styled-content>is a gluten\u2010free diet. In less severe cases, a strict limitation of wheat ingestion before exercise and avoidance of other cofactors may be sufficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T07:14:51Z","timestamp":1442560491000},"page":"10-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Wheat\u2010dependent exercise\u2010induced anaphylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"K. 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