{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1767849418309,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001828","name":"Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001961","name":"AXA Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to low levels of vitamin D in fetal life might be a risk factor for childhood asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined whether 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels in mid\u2010gestation and at birth were associated with higher airway resistance and inflammation, and increased risks of wheezing and asthma in school\u2010age children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a population\u2010based prospective cohort study among 3130 mothers and their children. Maternal blood samples in mid\u2010gestation and umbilical cord blood samples at birth were used to determine 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels. At age of 6, airway resistance (Rint) was measured by interrupter technique and airway inflammation by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FENO<\/jats:styled-content>) using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIOX<\/jats:styled-content> chemiluminescence analyser. Wheezing and asthma were prospectively assessed by annual questionnaires until age 6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal levels of 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D in mid\u2010gestation were not associated with Rint, Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>, wheezing patterns, or asthma. Children in the lowest tertile of 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels at birth had a higher Rint (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score (95% confidence interval [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]): \u22120.42 (\u22120.84, \u22120.01), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value for trend&lt;\u00a00.05), compared to those in the highest tertile group. The effect estimate attenuated when child's current 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D level was taken into account [<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): \u22120.55 (\u22121.08, 0.01)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low levels of 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D at birth were associated with a higher airway resistance in childhood. Additional adjustment for child's current 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D level reduced the effect size of the association. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to examine mechanisms underlying the observed association and the long\u2010term consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]],"date-time":"2015-09-24T05:42:44Z","timestamp":1443073364000},"page":"337-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Associations of maternal and fetal 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels with childhood lung function and asthma: the Generation R Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Gazibara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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J.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research Park Centre for Mental Health Wacol Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"Eyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research Park Centre for Mental Health Wacol Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Burne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research Park Centre for Mental Health Wacol Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. K.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. H.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. W. 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