{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T03:53:59Z","timestamp":1787111639651,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]],"date-time":"2016-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bradykinin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content>) mediates acute allergic asthma and airway remodelling. Nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>) is potentially involved in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content>B2 receptor (B2R) regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this observational cross\u2010sectional study, B2R and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>expression was evaluated in bronchial biopsies from mild asthmatics (after diluent\/allergen challenge) and healthy controls, examining the role of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>in B2R expression in primary human fibroblasts from normal and asthmatic subjects (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNBF<\/jats:styled-content>b and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HABF<\/jats:styled-content>b).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>B2R and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>(total and nuclear) expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in biopsies from 10 mild intermittent asthmatics (48\u00a0h after diluent\/allergen challenge) and 10 controls undergoing bronchoscopy. B2R co\u2010localization in 5B5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and \u03b1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>mesenchymal cells was studied by immunofluorescence\/confocal microscopy, and B2R expression in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HABF<\/jats:styled-content>b\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNBF<\/jats:styled-content>b incubated with interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20104\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 with\/without<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content>, and after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>inhibitor, by Western blotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchial mucosa B2R and nuclear<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>expression was higher in asthmatics after diluent (B2R only) and allergen challenge than in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), while B2R and NF\u2010kB (total and nuclear) increased after allergen compared with after diluent (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Allergen exposure increased B2R expression in 5B5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and \u03b1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells. Constitutive B2R protein expression was higher in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HABF<\/jats:styled-content>b than in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNBF<\/jats:styled-content>b (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and increased in both cell types after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content>treatment. This increase was suppressed by a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>inhibitor (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchial B2R expression is constitutively elevated in allergic asthma and is further increased after allergen exposure together with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>expression.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kB<\/jats:styled-content>inhibitor blocked<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013\u2010induced increase in B2R expression in cultured fibroblasts, suggesting a role as potential anti\u2010asthma drug.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T16:09:23Z","timestamp":1448035763000},"page":"428-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bradykinin B2 receptor expression in the bronchial mucosa of allergic asthmatics: the role of<scp>NF<\/scp>\u2010<scp>kB<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"F. 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