{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:53:43Z","timestamp":1791255223452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010882","name":"Australasian Society for Clinical Immunology and Allergy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent epidemiological studies indicate increases in Australian, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> hospital anaphylaxis admission rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine whether Australian anaphylaxis fatalities are increasing in parallel and to examine the characteristics of fatalities recorded in the National Coronial Information System (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCIS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time trends in Australian anaphylaxis fatalities were examined using data derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABS<\/jats:styled-content>) 1997\u20132013 and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCIS<\/jats:styled-content> 2000\u20132013, the latter providing additional information to verify cause and identify risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABS<\/jats:styled-content> recorded 324 anaphylaxis fatalities by cause: unspecified (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 205); medication (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 52); insect stings\/tick bites (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 41); food (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 23); and blood products (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3). From 1997 to 2013, all\u2010cause fatal anaphylaxis rates increased by 6.2%\/year (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.8\u20138.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) or from 0.054% to 0.099\/10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> population. Fatal food anaphylaxis increased by 9.7%\/year (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.25\u201320%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) and unspecified anaphylaxis deaths by 7.8% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 4.6\u201311.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). There was an insignificant change in medication\u2010related fatalities (5.6% increase\/year; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.3% decrease to 11.8% increase, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.06), and sting\/bite fatalities remained unchanged. Hospital anaphylaxis admission rates for all\u2010cause, food, unspecified and medication anaphylaxis increased at rates of 8%, 10%, 4.4% and 6.8%\/year, respectively. A total of 147 verified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCIS<\/jats:styled-content> deaths were examined in detail: medication\u2010 and sting\/bite\u2010related fatalities occurred predominantly in older individuals with multiple comorbidities. Upright posture after anaphylaxis was associated with risk of sudden death (all causes). Seafood (not nuts) was the most common trigger for food\u2010related anaphylaxis deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian anaphylaxis fatality rates (most causes) have increased over the last 16 years, contrasting with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based studies that describe overall lower and static overall anaphylaxis fatality rates (0.047\u20130.069\/10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> population).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T15:08:20Z","timestamp":1462374500000},"page":"1099-1110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Increases in anaphylaxis fatalities in Australia from 1997 to 2013"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0267-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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