{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:50:48Z","timestamp":1791003048873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Lung Foundation","award":["4.2.13.054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4.2.13.054"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Lung Foundation","award":["3.2.12.067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.2.12.067"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Lung Foundation","award":["3.2.12.087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.2.12.087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic exposure to environmental triggers, such as house dust mite (HDM), drives T helper 2 (Th2) cell\u2010mediated asthma. Recent evidence has shown that B\u2013T cell interaction, and in particular germinal centre reactions and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are required for the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation in HDM\u2010driven models containing a sensitization and challenge phase. Whether B\u2013T cell interactions are essential for pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation following chronic allergen provocation remains unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we investigated the importance of B\u2013T cell interaction in the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and pulmonary remodelling in a chronic HDM\u2010driven asthma model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We exposed C57BL\/6, <jats:italic>Cd40l<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>, and <jats:italic>Mb1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mice to HDM three times a week for five consecutive weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic HDM exposure induced a pronounced eosinophilic allergic airway inflammation in broncho\u2010alveolar lavage fluid (BALf) and lung tissue, associated with the formation of immunologically active inducible bronchus\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in the lungs. The absence of B cells or lack of CD40L signalling did not hamper eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, although the number of Tfh and Th2 cells was substantially reduced in the lungs. Importantly, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) numbers in BALf and lung were not affected by the absence of B cells or B\u2013T cell interaction. Furthermore, eosinophilic airway inflammation is not sufficient to induce pulmonary remodelling and airway hyperresponsiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>From these findings, we conclude that B\u2013T cell interaction is required for robust Tfh and Th2 cell induction, but not essential for eosinophilic airway inflammation during a chronic HDM\u2010driven asthma model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T07:33:26Z","timestamp":1476516806000},"page":"551-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Development of eosinophilic inflammation is independent of B\u2013T cell interaction in a chronic house dust mite\u2010driven asthma model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Vroman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. M.","family":"Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. W. S.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A. C.","family":"van Hulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lukkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"van Uden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.4.1350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.4.3659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000075252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.5.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.3.3291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605944103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(94)90073-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200308-1167OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.3.830.bloodjournal843830"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-9-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0736OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121660"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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