{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:47:04Z","timestamp":1780087624492,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Immunological biomarkers are the key to the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (\n ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and fungal sensitisation, but how these relate to clinically relevant outcomes is unclear.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To assess how fungal immunological biomarkers are related to fixed airflow obstruction and radiological abnormalities in moderate to severe asthma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Cross\u2010sectional study of 431 asthmatics. Inflammatory biomarkers, lung function and an IgE fungal panel to colonising filamentous fungi, yeasts and fungal aeroallergens were measured.\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n scans were scored for the presence of radiological abnormalities. Factor analysis informed the variables used in a k\u2010means cluster analysis. Fixed airflow obstruction and radiological abnormalities were then mapped to these immunological variables in the cluster analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 329 (76.3%) subjects were sensitised to \u2265 1 fungi. Sensitisation to\n Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n and\/or\n Penicillium chrysogenum<\/jats:italic>\n was associated with a lower post\u2010bronchodilator\n FEV<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n compared with those not sensitised to fungi ((73.0 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 70.2\u201376) vs. 82.8 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 78.5\u201387.2)% predicted,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), independent of atopic status (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005)), and an increased frequency of bronchiectasis (54.5%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), tree\u2010in\u2010bud (18.7%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and collapse\/consolidation (37.5%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002). Cluster analysis identified three clusters: (i) hypereosinophilic (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 71, 16.5%), (ii) high immunological biomarker load and high frequency of radiological abnormalities (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 34, 7.9%) and (iii) low levels of fungal immunological biomarkers (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 326, 75.6%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n IgE sensitisation to thermotolerant filamentous fungi, in particular\n A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n but not total IgE, is associated with fixed airflow obstruction and a number of radiological abnormalities in moderate to severe asthma. All patients with IgE sensitisation to\n A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n are at risk of lung damage irrespective of whether they meet the criteria for\n ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T01:09:28Z","timestamp":1480640968000},"page":"48-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["The relationship between biomarkers of fungal allergy and lung damage in asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"K. F.","family":"Woolnough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Craner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bradding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. H.","family":"Pashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Wardlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health\/Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation University of Leicester Glenfield Hospital Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00074705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.7.4.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-4-405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.130179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350080067016","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"143","author":"Ricketti AJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)91034-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200805-737OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201001-0087OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"RC05","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)\u2010the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest imaging scenario","volume":"8","author":"Kaur M","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v4.i4.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d29.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1754OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.6.498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Available from:http:\/\/www-01.ibm.com\/support\/knowledgecenter\/SSLVMB_21.0.0\/com.ibm.spss.statistics.help\/alg_twostep_basicstats.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.037"}],"container-title":["Clinical & Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcea.12848","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cea.12848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T02:07:12Z","timestamp":1696212432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cea.12848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cea.12848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.12848","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726914860.793530310","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]}}}