{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:14:23Z","timestamp":1791274463626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Suomen Akatemia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane ja Aatos Erkon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atopic allergy has been more common among schoolchildren in Finland, as compared to Russian Karelia. These adjacent regions show one of the most contrasting socio\u2010economical differences in the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explored changes in allergy from school age to young adulthood from 2003 to 2010\/2012 in these two areas. The skin and nasal microbiota were also compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomly selected children from Finnish (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 98) and Russian Karelia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 82) were examined in 2003, when the children were 7\u201311 years of age, and again in 2010 (Finnish Karelia) and 2012 (Russian Karelia). We analysed self\u2010reported allergy symptoms and sensitization to common allergens by serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIgE<\/jats:styled-content> values. The skin (volar forearm) and nasal mucosa microbiota, collected in 2012 (aged 15\u201320 years), identified from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> samples, were compared with multivariate methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asthma, hay fever, atopic eczema, self\u2010reported rhinitis, as well as atopic sensitization, were threefold to 10\u2010fold more common in Finland, as compared to Russian Karelia. Hay fever and peanut sensitization were almost non\u2010existent in Russia. These patterns remained throughout the 10\u2010year follow\u2010up. Skin microbiota, as well as bacterial and fungal communities in nasal mucosa, was contrastingly different between the populations, best characterized by the diversity and abundance of genus <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>; more abundant and diverse in Russia. Overall, diversity was significantly higher among Russian subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>skin<\/jats:sub> &lt; 0.0001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>nasal\u2010bacteria<\/jats:sub> &lt; 0.0001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>nasal\u2010fungi<\/jats:sub> &lt; 0.01). Allergic diseases were not associated with microbial diversity in Finnish subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differences in allergic phenotype, developed in early life, remain between populations. A parallel difference in the composition of skin and nasal microbiota suggests a potential underlying mechanism. Our results also suggest that high abundance and diversity of <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> might contribute to the low allergy prevalence in Russia. Implications of early\u2010life exposure to <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> should be further investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T13:56:41Z","timestamp":1486389401000},"page":"665-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Significant disparities in allergy prevalence and microbiota between the young people in Finnish and Russian Karelia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0951-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Ruokolainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Paalanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Karkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Laatikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"von Hertzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Central Hospital &amp; University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Vlasoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Karelia Centre for Public Health Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Markelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petrozavodsk State University Petrozavodsk Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Masyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoiku Rehabilitation Centre Hamina Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Paulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Alenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Immunology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Fyhrquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Hanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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