{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:14:02Z","timestamp":1791274442373,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,19]],"date-time":"2017-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030\u2010134904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030\u2010134904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being born and raised in a farm provides a long\u2010lasting protection for allergies. The microbial environment provided by farm animals is crucial to induce this protective effect, although underlying immune mechanisms remain elusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish a mouse model of global exposure to the farming environment and to study immunologic changes linked to protection of allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice colonies were bred in parallel in a farm cowshed and the university animal facility (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>). Mice from both locations were subjected to a skin contact allergy model. Peripheral blood cells and cell cytokine production were assessed in both populations. In addition, the gut microbiome at various ages was characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice born in the farm were less prone to develop allergy than mice bred in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>. Mice transfers between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> and the farm showed a better protection when mice were moved to the farm early in life. As compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010bred mice, farm mice displayed early immune activation with higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell population, in particular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FoxP3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> (activated cells). The cytokine profile of mice from the farm was skewed towards an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 secreting cell profile accompanied by increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 secretion. These differences were mostly seen within a specific age window between birth and 8 weeks of age. Microbiome analysis showed differences between 4 and 20 weeks old mice and between farm and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content> mice with an increased number of Murine mastadenovirus B in young farm mice exclusively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The farming environment provides a strong, allergy protective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 stimulus and generates activated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ T cells. Exposure to the farm environment early in their life may also provide a better protection for contact skin allergy. Whether a viral trigger might decisively influence protection for allergies remains to be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T13:26:49Z","timestamp":1487165209000},"page":"805-814","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The farming environment protects mice from allergen\u2010induced skin contact hypersensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"C. P.","family":"Frossard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Allergy Research Group University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Lazarevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory Division of Infectious Diseases Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ga\u00efa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory Division of Infectious Diseases Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory Division of Infectious Diseases Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Doras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology Investigation Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Habre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology Investigation Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schrenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Research Laboratory Division of Infectious Diseases Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Allergy Research Group University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Hans Wilsdorf Laboratory Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine Specialties Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1738-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. 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