{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:36:09Z","timestamp":1770813369737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["230827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["230827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal and human studies indicate that definitive host helminth infections may confer protection from allergies. However, zoonotic helminths, such as <jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> species (spp.), have been associated with increased allergies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe the prevalence of <jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> spp. seropositivity and associations with allergic diseases and sensitization, in 2 generations in Bergen, Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum levels of total IgG4, anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> spp. IgG4 and <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> spp. IgG4 were established by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> in 2 cohorts: parents born 1945\u20101972 (n\u00a0=\u00a0171) and their offspring born 1969\u20102003 (n\u00a0=\u00a0264). Allergic outcomes and covariates were recorded through interviews and clinical examinations including serum IgEs and skin prick tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010<jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> spp. IgG4 was detected in 29.2% of parents and 10.3% of offspring, and anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> spp. IgG4 in 17.5% and 8.0% of parents and offspring, respectively. Among offspring, anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> spp. IgG4 was associated with pet keeping before age 15 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a06.15; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.37\u201027.5) and increasing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> (1.16[1.06\u20101.25] per kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). <jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> spp. seropositivity was associated with wheeze (2.97[1.45\u2010 7.76]), hayfever (4.03[1.63\u20109.95]), eczema (2.89[1.08\u20107.76]) and cat sensitization (5.65[1.92\u201016.6]) among offspring, but was not associated with allergic outcomes among parents. Adjustment for childhood or current pet keeping did not alter associations with allergies. Parental <jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> spp. seropositivity was associated with increased offspring allergies following a sex\u2010specific pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zoonotic helminth exposure in Norway was less frequent in offspring than parents; however, <jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic> spp. seropositivity was associated with increased risk of allergic manifestations in the offspring generation, but not among parents. Changes in response to helminth exposure may provide insights into the increase in allergy incidence in affluent countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T20:32:34Z","timestamp":1510173154000},"page":"66-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Zoonotic helminth exposure and risk of allergic diseases: A study of two generations in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9600-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. 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