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This disease phenotype has been termed local allergic rhinitis (\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n is an underdiagnosed entity affecting children and adults from different parts of the world, with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe symptoms, impairment of quality of life and rapid progression to symptom worsening.\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a stable phenotype and not merely an initial state of\n AR<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Allergic rhinitis and\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n share many clinical features including a positive\n NAPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n response, markers of type 2 nasal inflammation including\n sIgE<\/jats:styled-content>\n in nasal secretions and a significant rate of asthma development.\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n should be considered as a differential diagnosis in those subjects of any age with symptoms suggestive of\n AR<\/jats:styled-content>\n but no evidence of systemic atopy. Although\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n pathophysiology is partially unknown, in some patients\n sIgE<\/jats:styled-content>\n can be demonstrated directly in the nasal secretions and\/or indirectly via positive responses in basophil activation test (\n BAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n can coexist with other rhinitis phenotypes, especially\n AR<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The diagnosis currently relies on the positivity of\n NAPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n to a single or multiple allergens.\n NAPT<\/jats:styled-content>\n has high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and it is considered the gold standard.\n BAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the measurement of nasal\n sIgE<\/jats:styled-content>\n can also contribute to\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis.\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients benefit from the same therapeutic strategies than\n AR<\/jats:styled-content>\n individuals, including the avoidance of allergen exposure and the pharmacotherapy. Moreover, several recent studies support the effectiveness and safety of allergen immunotherapy for\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , which opens a window of treatment opportunity in these patients.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,14]],"date-time":"2018-06-14T03:01:24Z","timestamp":1528945284000},"page":"6-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Local allergic rhinitis: Implications for management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3734-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Campo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit IBIMA\u2010Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga UMA M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Eguiluz\u2010Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit IBIMA\u2010Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga UMA M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit IBIMA\u2010Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga UMA M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit IBIMA\u2010Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga UMA M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Plaza Ser\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory\u2010Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga UMA M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit IBIMA\u2010Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga UMA M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Mayorga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory\u2010Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga UMA M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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